Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to measure the technical efficiency and growth trajectory of Bangladeshi and Indonesian microfinance institutions (MFIs). The motivation for this study was derived from crucial roles that these institutions play in the socio-economic transformation of any nations, especially Bangladesh and Indonesia which are a

This study aims to investigate the effect of tin (Sn) and magnesium (Mg) on the sintering response of sintered Al. Although this topic has been extensively reported, details on the combined effect of Sn and Mg that function as sintering additives are still limited. The current study discusses the effect of the combined use of Sn and Mg to assist al

South East Asian architecture identity in urban centres has been generally focused on either timber vernacular identity or large masonry building. The local agenda is increasingly crucial amidst the importance of tourism and city-branding which necessitate the enculturation of urbanism within an overall resistance to extensive globalisation. Tradit

The protozoan Cryptosporidium mainly infects the epithelial cells of colorectal region. The Infection of this species can be observed and confirmed by immunofluorescent staining method in vitro. Meanwhile, the onco-microRNA and tumour suppressor miRNA expression pattern of the epithelial cells upon Cryptosporidium infection may reveal possible effe

Preparation and Processing of Religious and Cultural Foods covers the production and processing of foods from major religions, focusing on the intersection of religion, science and cultural perceptions in the production and processing of modern religious and vegetarian foods. Quality control and authentication technologies are looked at in-depth, w

The birth of conjoined twins is a comparatively rare event, constituting 1 in 100,000 births. Being a product of a single fertilised egg, these twins are believed to be the result of an incomplete division of embryo, which inhibits complete development of various organ systems. As a result, they usually suffer from physical malformation manifested

In his seminal book “Leaves of the Same Tree: Trade and Ethnicity in the Straits of Melaka”, Professor Leonard Andaya paints a picture that reaches out in time, beyond the confines of the present geographical boundaries of nations. The memory of lands bordering the Straits of Melaka—known as lands within the Sea of ‘Malayu’—were rich an

The notion of ‘time’ has been essentially delved upon and repeatedly forwarded in a range of perspectives and dimensions, based on the immutable yet meaningful depth of Surah al-ʿAṣr, the 103rd chapter of the Qurʾān. Rather than discussing its meaning as an individual principle of the undisputable value of time, the meaning of the chapter

Malay traditional architectural and construction vocabulary and its terminologies have arisen from centuries of use and evolution from local folk and vernacular structures, artisanal traditions and methods. While challenges in universalising these terms are faced due to the extreme diversity of the Malay archipelago region and its cultural and ethn

The ‘Malay kedatuan’ refers to the traditional administrative centres of the Malay world which represent the public realm of a socio-cultural urbanized realm of the past. 16th century Melaka, 18th century Kedah, Terengganu and Riau-Lingga centres had at one time, constituted Sultanate-centered urban configurations, which now exist only in parti