The demands of a higher degree of security level for the mobile ad-hoc network are yet to meet the best solution. Owing to the dynamic topology and decentralization issue, the mobile node suffers from a consistent security problem during communication stage. This paper has reviewed the existing system towards secure routing in mobile ad-hoc network

Mobile Adhoc network is shrouded with various issues where majority of the problems encircle around routing and security issues. The root cause of such unsolved issues is dynamic topology and decentralized architecture. A closer look into the existing literatures shows that cryptography is the frequently used technique to ensure security in communi

Five pillars of Islam are ingrained in the minds and actions of the Muslims. Since students at higher learning institutions major into varying disciplines, their ability to relate their respective courses with the five pillars of Islam will likely vary. However, it is very important for Muslim undergraduates outside the religious studies programs t

Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a unique machining technique which is capable of machining parts with high degree of complexity regardless of their hardness. However, when high precision and accuracy are needed, the taper and corner roundness on the workpiece machined need to be controlled to ensure that the parts can perform their in

Ductile regime machining can produce crack free surface on brittle material under certain controlled cutting conditions. Although end milling is a versatile process, it has not been frequently applied for machining soda lime glass. The brittle nature of the soda lime glass makes the machining difficult. Soda lime glass is a strain rate and temperat

Introduction Mangrove is a complex and unique ecosystem which experiences periodical tidal flooding inundated with low, moderate and high saline water. The muddy soil is rich in organic matter derived from efficient nutrient cycling system and decomposition of mangrove leaves. Therefore, the adaptation of mangrove microorganisms towards these envir

Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the different solvents extracts of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. F) Lindau leaves through different bioassays as well as to identify the functional group(s) responsible for the particular bioactivity through Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spect

Medicinal herbs have reached extensive acceptability as therapeutic agents for several diseases. However, the use of medicinal herbs is limited due to the issue on quality and safety assurance, as well as lack of scientific proof. Standardization is an important aspect for maintaining and assessing the quality and safety of medicinal herb. It inclu

في هذه الدراسة محاولة لاستعراض موجز لوضع الأوراق العلمية لباحثين من الوطن العربي لسنتي 2004 و2014 المتوافرة في موقع سيماجو (Scimago) وهو أحد المواقع ذائعة الصيت عالميا فيما يتعلق بقياس الإنتاج العلمي

Undoubtedly, religion is one of the main factors that increasingly contribute to the shaping of international relations. As it was in the European middle ages, religion and geopolitics have always had ties of one sort or another. Imperialism and nationalist doctrines have found purpose and justification in religious differences and, religious zealo