Free Space Optics (FSO) becomes a great attention because of the chances in transmitting data up to 2.5Gbps. There are a lot of advantages offered by FSO such as easily deployment with saving time and cost and no electromagnetic interference. In spite of the advantages, FSO has an uncontrolled drawback which is highly sensitive to atmospheric pheno

Offline handwriting word recognition is the automatic transcription by computer, where only the image of the handwriting is available. The recognition operation includes many steps, the segmentation step and the recognition step of offline handwritten Arabic words are suggested to be implemented using different techniques, since off-line Arabic cha

Transform domain as emerged as a powerful tool for transforming digital signals from one domain to another. Over 80% of all Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications require some form of domain transformation representation or processing (Edwards, 2006,; Proakis & Manolakis, 2004). Transform is simply mapping from one set of coordinates to a

One of the downside of the current watermarking system is the inevitable distortion caused by data embedding. Some algorithms have been modified to produce a minimal distortion in the host image. however such small alterations may not be acceptable for medical images which are use for diagnosing and treatment of diseases. This paper presents a dist

This research attempts to investigate the extent of voluntary disclosure in the annual reports of Shariah compliant companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange and compare it with non-Shariah compliant companies. Voluntary disclosures were measured using 30 items of disclosure index developed by Khomsiah (2005). Based on content analysis of 2009

In this paper, the dynamics of the relative motion problem in a perturbed orbital environment are exploited based on Gauss’ variational equations. The relative coordinate frame (Hill frame) is studied to describe the relative motion. A linear high fidelity model is developed to describe the relative motion. This model takes into account primary g

The use of more than one code of language among the Malaysian English language instructors and ESL learners in the context of formal classroom settings is widely acknowledged (Kow, 2003; Then & Ting, 2009). Many factors may contribute to the occurrence of code-switching or in other words, there must have been certain communication purposes asso

This work is a proof of concept that a monolithic CMOS surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator can function as an RF oscillator. The design of the oscillator includes the measurement characteristics of the CMOS SAW resonator, its matching networks, and RF amplifier is described. The integrated SAW resonator, with its operating frequency controlled by

Fucoxanthin has been successfully isolated from species of Malaysian brown seaweed, namely P. australis. The purity of the fucoxanthin is >98% as indicated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis. This seaweed also contained a considerable amount of unsaturated fatty acids. There are thirteen fatty acids were detected with Gas Chroma

Fucoxanthin has been successfully extracted and purified from two species of Malaysian brown seaweeds, namely S. binderi and S. duplicatum. The purity of the fucoxanthin is >99% as indicated by HPLC analysis. Fucoxanthin content, total lipid and fatty acid composition of the seaweeds showed that both samples contained a considerable amount of f