Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is the purest form of coconut oil, essentially water-clear or colourless that consists mainly of medium chain saturated fatty acids. For over many decades, the biological properties of VCO have been widely explored and investigated due to their antimicrobial potentials. The large concentration of medium chain fatty acids (M

Over the years, the issue of SBA in Malaysia continues to gain attention. The issue that highlighted in this study is the reliability and validity of SBA as an assessment system. It is an unquestionable fact that teachers are given power to assess their students; however, due to lack of information, training, materials, guidelines and infrastructur

The function of audit from the Islamic view is much more important as it manifests the accountability of the auditors not only to the stakeholders, but ultimately to the Creator, Allah s.w.t as the Muslims believe that one’s action and thoughts are always being watched by Allah (the concept of Muraqabah). based on shari’ah governance framework

Citrus is one of the major commodities in many countries including Malaysia. However, production of citrus including Citrus suhuiensis (C. suhuiensis) is declining due to diseases and inability to withstand low temperatures. Plant cultures such as cell suspension have the potential in propagating disease-free and healthy Citrus fruits with value-ad

Cell suspension cultures provide a convenient way in understanding the dynamics growth of plant cells. This knowledge is crucial in order to manipulate all parameters related to their growth so that the potential of plants can be fully utilised. Growth can be defined as the increase of cell numbers, size or mass. In a growth cycle, cells will be ex

The demand of hydrogen gas (H2) has increased considerably in recent years since it is a clean energy source and used as feedstock for some industries. However, H2 is most commonly produced from non-renewable sources that is considered as a less ecofriendly process. To avoid any environmental issues, another alternative is to produce this renewable

Biohydrogen has been recognized to be one of the future renewable energy sources and has the potential in solving the greenhouse effects. In this study, Enterobacter aerogenes (E. aerogenes) was used as the biohydrogen producer via dark fermentation process using sago wastewater as the substrate. However, pretreatment of sago wastewater is required

Tropical peat swamp forest is well known for huge terrestrial carbon storage through a substantial accumulation of organic, matter mainly derived from vegetation residues, also known as peat. However, limited information on microbial diversity and their ecological function in this environment is available. This research aims to investigate the bact

Studies on best practices among the Third3rd Party Logistics (3PL) firms towards logistics performance improvement has been conducted extensively nowadays due to the rising rivalry and the needs for survival in the business, especially for small players. Exploring the best practices structure as well as confirming its significance on firms’ overa

The primary goals of resuscitation are to preserve life, restore health, relieve suffering and limit disability. As nurses, executing the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to a patient experiencing cardio-pulmonary arrest is essential in preserving life. However nurses face a dilemma in the decision making to either preserve the patient’s life