Since 1855, the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya has been the source of sporadic clashes between Hindus and Muslims. After a thorough scrutiny of the available historical literature on the Mosque, this article argues that to regard it as the birthplace of the Hindu deity Rama is untenable and the notion was actually put into circulation by British colonial

Ever since the emergence of the international regime of human rights, the irresolvable dilemma has always been to draw an effective reconciliation between the theocentric essentials of Islamic law and the demands of International Human Rights Law. This problem is further exacerbated in the case of Islamic criminal punishments, especially Hudud1 bec

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been used clinically for many years. It has good biocompatibility in bone contact as its chemical composition is similar to that of bone material. Porous HA ceramics have found enormous use in biomedical applications including bone tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, and drug delivery. In bone tissue engineering it has

Several control policies of semi-active system, namely skyhook,groundhook and hybrid controls are presented. Their ride comfort, suspension displacement and road-holding performances are analysed and comparedwith passive systems. The analysis covers both transient and steady-state responses in time domain and transmissibility response in frequency

This paper aims to address ethical issues related to the assisted reproductive technology method of artificial insemination (AI) from the Islamic perspective. Our evaluation suggests that the Islamic ethical viewpoint of AI is rational, comprehensive, and aims at the greatest good of mankind.IFeb07JlMA3-17:38486-IMANAOQXd 3/18/2007 5:04PMPage29~ Is

Smart antenna system is a promising technology to provide higher capacity with more reliability. Adaptive beam forming capability is very significant in smart antenna systems. Maximum Signal-to-Interference Ratio (MaxSIR) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) beamforming algorithms were investigated using 16 elements linear array antenna. Both algor

We report the dependence of growth yield of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on heat-treatment time and catalyst film thickness by the alcohol catalytic chemical vapor deposition method. Three types of heat-treatment, synthesis of 30 min, synthesis of 30 min after annealing of 30 min, and synthesis of 60 min, were investigated. Thickness of C

This article briefly looked at the socio-politico-economic context of ancient Chinese,Greeks, Medieval Europe, the Muslims during the Medieval period and Postmodernism. The political thought of Confucius, Plato, St. Augustine, al-Farabi were surveyed in order to put into perspective the philosophy of higher education from 5th century BC to the 21st

Employee motivation is crucial for organizations to attain competitive advantage in the marketplace. Over the decades, industrial psychologists have developed theories that are purported to help organizational managers to motivate their employees. Employee motivation is also proved to be influenced by the local/national culture. In order to know th

Forty-six bacterial strains were isolated from nine different sources in four treatment plants namely IndahWater Konsortium (IWK)sewage treatment plant (STP), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) wastewater treatment plant-1,-2 and -3 to evaluate the bioconversion process in terms of efficient biodegradation and bioseparation. The bacte