A battery management system (BMS) is essential for maintaining peak efficiency and longevity of rechargeable batteries. Conventional battery management system techniques often struggle to monitor, protect, and particularly have difficulties in balancing batteries. The project proposed has introduced a battery management system that employs passive

In today's digital context, internet buying has become a common way of consumer behaviour, necessitating the creation of highly personalised recommendation systems. This study provides a critical analysis of a collaborative filtering technique that uses machine learning and business intelligence (BI) to improve e-commerce recommendation systems

The global market for wet wipes has seen significant growth in the past decade, establishing them as a popular product for personal care and household use. However, their high water and cellulose content makes them vulnerable to contamination by pathogenic microorganisms, which can cause changes in both their physical and chemical properties. This

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis is a persistent inflammatory nasal condition triggered by an exaggerated immune response to allergens. Its primary complication is sinusitis which progresses to rhinosinusitis. Nigella Sativa known for its anti-inflammatory effects, has shown promising efficacy in treating rhinosinusitis. While various studies have r

Politeness is a central concern in pragmatics, as it explores how interlocutors manage face, negotiate relationships, and maintain harmony in communication. Although politeness has been studied extensively in English and other widely spoken languages, little attention has been given to Arabic cinematic discourse. This study investigates politeness

Background and objective: Asynchronous breathing (AB) occurs when a mechanically ventilated patient’s breathing does not align with the mechanical ventilator (MV). Asynchrony can negatively impact recovery and outcome, and/or hinder MV management. A model-based method to accurately classify different AB types could automate detection and have a m

Tourism has been a key driver of economic development globally, with Seoul standing out as a successful example of a popular tourist destination, particularly in the Southeast Asian region. The study explores how tourism contributes to Korea's national economy and consequently, promotes sustainable tourism development in the nation. This study

Introduction: Oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontal bone loss remain among the most prevalent global health challenges, often detected late, leading to costly and invasive treatment. Limited access to specialised diagnostic tools further widens the disparity in oral health care. Guided by IIUM’s Tawhidic Epistemology and the value o

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Conserving tropical peat forests with high carbon density is among the most cost-effective strategies for addressing global climate change. However, large areas of these forests have historically been impacted by land-use changes, logging, and other human activities, leading to substantial carbon emissions into the atmosphere. This study quantified