In England and Wales, a person will be admitted either as a barrister or a solicitor. The barrister is granted the rights of audience in open court to plead the case on behalf of their clients. Barristers usually specialise in particular areas of law, and they typically deal with clients through a solicitor in that they are hired by solicitors to r

Microalgae, known for their high photosynthetic efficiency, offer a promising approach for CO₂ sequestration and the production of high-value products such as single-cell proteins (SCP). However, low CO₂ solubility in water and strain-specific tolerance limit CO2 fixation efficiency. This study aimed to optimizeCO₂ fixation and SCP production

Background: Middle ear myoclonus (MEM) is an uncommon disorder characterised by involuntary spasms of the middle ear muscles, often manifesting as objective or pulsatile tinnitus. There are currently no standardised diagnosis or treatment methods, which may result in a chronic impairment in patients' quality of life despite intervention. This s

Background: Fast food consumption has become a prevalent dietary habit, popular across various age groups globally, particularly among university students. Several factors contribute to their preference towards fast food, particularly its convenience and taste. Objectives: This study aims to provide an overview of the association between sociodemog

Section 28 of the Syariah Criminal Offences (Selangor) Enactment 1995, which criminalises unnatural sex, is in contravention of the State List in the Nineth Schedule of the Federal Constitution. The section, while providing for the offences against the 'precepts of Islam', is limited by the preclusion clause contained in the State List, ie,

The Syariah Court may only exercise jurisdiction over a person when it has over him both jurisdiction ratione personae, which is contingent on the person's legal persona, and jurisdiction ratione materia or subject matter jurisdiction. Absence these jurisdictions, the Syariah Court is not empowered to exercise any power over a person and if exe

Any advocate and solicitor who has been found guilty of misconduct under the 16 circumstances mentioned in s. 94(3) shall be liable to one or more of the following penalties or punishments: to be struck off the Roll of Advocates and Solicitors, to be suspended from practice, to be ordered to pay a fine or to be reprimanded or censured. The punishme

Any contingency arrangements between the parties namely, that the client only pay the legal fees in the event of success of the suit, action or proceeding, are illegal as it contravenes the LPA. Further, if a party is dissatisfied with the legal fees charged by the advocate and solicitor or by the limited liability law partnership, he may request f

The law regulating the companies in Malaysia is the Companies Act 2016 (Act 777) (‘CA 2016the Act’) which had repealed the Companies Act 1965 (Act 125). Companies are classified as limited by shares, limited by guarantee, and unlimited liability companies. It can further be divided into public and private companies. The constitutional of the co

The legal profession and practice in West Malaysia is regulated with the establishment of several statutory bodies under the Legal Profession Act 1976 (LPA) and the Syarie Legal Profession (Federal Territories) Act 2019 (Act 2019). This chapter is dedicated in discussing the role and powers of the various regulatory bodies under the LPA namely, the