Swelling capacity and degradation behaviour are important factors for biomaterial scaffold in tissue engineering (TE). Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a synthetic polymer used commonly as scaffolding material. Major concern with PLGA use is the trigger of inflammatory reaction damaging cells in vivo. Incorporation of natural polymers i.e. a

Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro formation of 3D tissue engineered constructs (TECs) using rabbits’ annulus fibrosus (AF) cells seeded on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) based scaffolds. Methods: Porous disc-shaped PLGA was fabricated using solvent casting and salt leaching technique. It was crosslinked with atelocollagen to form “PA”sc

This article examines Islamic sustainable finance, which was essential to the SAARC countries' economic growth. Thus, the focus of the research is on regional organization and geopolitical union between the states or governments in South Asia, which is known by its full name as the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). The m

There are many challenges in Waqf Management especially in the Muslim minorities countries. This paper analyses some of the internal challenges faced by the Muslims, either waqf manager or waqf beneficiaries and trustees in their strive to enliven and utilised in the non-Muslim countries. The findings show that the awareness among the Muslim in non

Asset pricing theory states that investors should be rewarded for the risks that are associated with the state variables, in addition to market risks, which affect their investment opportunity sets. The state variables, however, are latent variables that vary (a) within developed markets (which consist of segmented and international markets); (b) b

Ideally, internet service providers (ISP) should not be burdened with policing contents that pass through their services as they have no editorial control over them. The United States Digital Millennium Copyright Act 1998 (DMCA) changes the ball game by making it mandatory on ISPs to take down infringing copyright materials if they received a notic

Purpose – The study aims to investigate factors affecting ethical work behaviour among Malaysian public sector auditors. Based on Hunt and Vitell model, there are four research objectives for this study: (1) to investigate the influence of ethical climate on public sector auditors ethical work behaviour; (2) to examine the effect of professional

Implied volatility is regarded as one of the most important variables for determining profitability in options trading. Implied volatility gives indication about the future volatility of the underlying asset and can be used to predict the degree to which the asset price might swing and thus whether the options could become profitable before expirat

An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is a security that tracks a basket of stocks. An ETF investor gains immediate exposure to the basket, by taking either a long or short position on this instrument. Both hedgers and speculators can short ETFs, making the informational content of increases in ETF short interest difficult to interpret. Using high-frequenc

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between tax evasion and certain demographic factors such as location, engagement of tax agent, size and type of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) industry in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, using proprietary tax audit data from the Inland Reve