The aim of the study was to determine the use of alternative organic acids in formulating marinade ingredients to reduce heterocyclic amines (HCA) in grilled chicken (satay). Samples were marinated with table sugar, brown sugar, and honey with the addition of tamarind, lemon, lime, and calamansi for 24 h at 4 �C. The pH readings before and after

This paper discusses the unlawful occupation of State land in Malaysia and its implications. This paper identifies the types and the nature of unlawful occupation of State land or Government land. The study is to provide an overview and descriptive analysis of the situation and the efforts done by the local authorities in addressing the issues. It

This study concerns on illegal occupation and operation of state land in Perak. In 2014, more than 17,000 hectares of land in Perak have been illegally cleared, resulting in the state government losing hundreds of millions of ringgit in revenue. The state government of Perak has introduced Rehabilitation program in 2011 under the scheme of ‘Pelan

Housing Affordability is one of the major concerns for the State Government of Perak. Affordable housing is important as it has become an absolute necessity of residents especially for B40 income households’ population in Perak. In Perak, the soaring house prices have made it almost impossible for the middle income group to afford a home. The dra

Objective: Hypodontia is portrayed by the missing of one to six numbers of teeth. PAX9 is one of the genes that caused non-syndromic hypodontia. We aimed to investigate the PAX9 mutation of non-syndromic hypodontia with clinical variability in a Malaysian hypodontia family. Methods: Clinical examinations for all participants whilst orthophantomogra

Introduction: Community disaster resilience (CDR) is the community abilities to cope, withstands and accommodate disturbances caused by hazard exposure. In 2014, the east coast Malaysia had the worst flood disaster and many lost their home, belongings and everything was uncontrolled and messy. Despite the regular flood, the status of CDR is unknown

The protozoan Cryptosporidium mainly infects epithelial cells of the colorectal region. The infection of this species can be observed and confirmed by immunofluorescent staining method in vitro. In addition, the onco-microRNA (miRNA) and tumour suppressor miRNA expression pattern of the epithelial cells upon Cryptosporidium infection may reveal pos

Vinegar, as its name indicates, was made from wine at a remote period. Vinegar is essentially a dilute solution of acetic acid that was created through the process of fermentation, containing salts and extracted matter. It is also one of the most widespread and common acetic acid-diluted solution product in the world. All the additional substances,

Increasing awareness toward healthy lifestyles and pleasant personality attracts people to visit a spa and wellness center, particularly to the career and working women. It is a place that caters to the need for a beauty treatment that can restore, refresh and rejuvenate their body conditions. Spa and wellness center, which offer the products and s

Fraudulent incorporation of cheaper materials such as porcine gelatin into edible bird’s nest (EBN) can become a problem for reasons related to religious, allergy, ethical, and legal requirement. Thus, the present study aimed to detect porcine gelatin in the processed EBNs by using a combination method of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and che