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In today’s knowledge-based society, research and innovations play a critical role in social and economic transformation. However, the higher education institutions (HEIs), which are the main hubs for knowledge generation, usually produce basic research, yet innovations are mainly carried out by the industry. Therefore, this study explores the ide

The Islamic or Muslim civilisation was once at an incomparable peak in terms of all possible indicators of development. But a destruction of the spirit of inquiry and original research so distinctly associated with civilisational development served to sow the seeds of decay and render it easy prey for colonial exploitation. Confronted with a world

Now computerization is the most popular, reliable and flexible design for various types of control and communication systems. Sound navigation and ranging (SONAR) is a modern ultrasonic range finding technique used for collecting the information about a distant object without any physical contact. In this research work a PC based active SONAR syste

The eighteenth century scholar of Malay–Arab descent Shaykh Abd al-Samad al-Palimbani wrote a seminal Malay-Jawi text entitled Siyar al-Salikin ila Ibadat Rabb al-Alamin, being a translation-cum-commentary on the Mukhtasar Ihya Ulum al-Din of Abu Hamid al-Ghazali. Abd al-Samad’s Siyar exercised a great impact on Malay religious life and thought

The ability to write critically is a very important aspect of university writing. This critical writing skill is crucial for postgraduates as they need to write critical reviews of a book, a chapter, or a journal article, especially those pertinent to their area of study. Writing a critical review usually requires reading the selected text in detai

A design procedure of CMOS integrated crystal oscillator for 13.56 MHz RFID is described in detail by using mathematical and Mentor Graphics VLSI design tools ADK-3. The system is designed by using CMOS 0.18 µm foundry rules and Level-3 transistor model. The frequency stability of the oscillator is created by using piezoelectric crystal. The desig

E very year all over the world many lives and properties are lost due to many geological catastrophes like, landslide or landslip. Manual and electronic monitoring systems are used for predicting the landslide. The m anual monitoring syst em is laborious and not practical. And most of the electronic systems are complex and expensive. A wireless sen

Scour is the erosion of stream bed or bank material from bridge foundations due to flowing of water. Data logging from sens or and electronic communication systems can mo nitor scour in real - time to ensu re the integrity of bridge structure. A number of parameters are associated with scour, thus different types of sensor are required to measure t