Free-space optical (FSO) communication links are point-to-point wireless technologies. It provides high data rates up to gigabit per second. FSO link availability is easily affected by different weather conditions. Radio-frequency (RF) can be a complimentary link to the FSO link to increase the availability. Hybrid FSO/RF is a feasible technology f

In order to guarantee effective satellite service, the link budget for all conditions is important. From the path loss and attenuation statistics, the appropriate fade margin value calculated from the link budget for the specific desired quality of service (QoS) can be determined from outage statistics. In the case of a clear sky, the value depends

Following the end of the Cold war and the collapse of Soviet Union, a little attention has been given to the trans-regional cooperation between Russia and North African Region. Algeria for instance, has more in common with Russia Federation in terms of economic capacities and transition probabilities. The size of the territory, natural resources, w

Introduction: Female reproductive disorders are multifaceted in nature and the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome has remained a challenge in the gynaecological field. Objectives: Eurycoma longifolia has long been used for enhancement of male reproductive functions. This study sought to elucidate its effects in the female reproductive system.

الناشئة عن هذا الزواج والتي تتعارض في الغالب مع مقاصد الشريعة المتعلقة بالزواج، أضحت دراسة هذه الظاهرة من حيث الإشكاليات الواردة فيها من الضرورة بمكان للوصول إلى حلول من شأنها تسديد المسار، و

Optimization of the process parameters for the extraction of a product from a solid substrate after bioconversion is essentially important tomaximize the yield. The extraction of citric acid from the solid substrate of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) after bioconversion was initially optimized by following single factor variation. Following this

The paper explains how the importance of experiential learning and the context of site visit as an informal learning environment correspond towards enhancing the informal education. Sociocultural theory implies that understanding a phenomenon entails understanding its development. Thus, understanding learning means studying in detail how it unfolds

Micro dry wire electrical discharge machining (μDWEDM) is an environmental-friendly machining process where gas is used as the dielectric fluid instead of liquid. In this process, certain modifications of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) are required during the machining operation for stable machining. In μDWEDM, the process is consider

Whether in the time of war or peace, media, considered the ‘Fourth Authority’, must struggle to present the truth to the public, making no concession to any kind of authority, whether legislative, executive or judicial. This study, which adopts descriptive-analytical method, gives a brief account of the 2011 Arab popular revolts with reference

Recently there is an increase in interest to use art as a part of the healthcare healing process and environment. The artwork is now regularly set as a condition in design feature for hospitals. The benefits of art in hospitals and medical institutions have been confirmed by numerous studies and subjective evidence. The artwork produced can be a co