After almost 130 years, Dataran Merdeka has witnessed many events and changes. Today, the area of padang diminished allowing space for the construction of several buildings and a road. Occasionally it continued to be the centre of administrative district. However, the most dramatic changes occurred in the mid 1980’s where it was completely dug up

Background Global warming is attracting attention from policy makers due to its impacts such as floods, extreme weather, increases in temperature by 0.7°C, heat waves, storms, etc. These disasters result in loss of human life and billions of dollars in property. Global warming is believed to be caused by the emissions of greenhouse gases due to hu

Place meaning was created by people throughout their gradual experience of the place. Some will have deep and meaningful while some are pale and meaningless. Place meaning has an intertwined relationship with place attachment, where both involve diverse and distinct physical properties and social attributes. This study aims to decode place rootedne

This study aims to examine the volatility of Malaysian Crude Palm Oil (CPO) markets for it has important implication to both business communities and policy makers. This study adopted the GARCH (1,1) model and the result of the finding exhibited persistent volatility as well as volatility clustering in Malaysian CPO market. The persistent volatilit

Malaysia has many towns of historic and cultural significance that are worthy of preservation for sustainable development. For instance, a royal town, which is a town where the old palaces and the royal administrative district are located. This paper aims to discover the significance of the urban heritage of a royal town so as to ensure its preserv

Entada spiralis Ridl. (Leguminoceae) is a liana or woody climber that grows in the wild in Malaysia and is locally known as ‘Beluru’ or ‘Sintok’. The isolation and characterization of the chemical constituent from an active fraction have been carried out since no previous study has determined any active components from the stem bark. Our pr

This study aims to investigate the implied adjusted volatility functions using the different Leland option pricing models and to assess whether the use of the specified implied adjusted volatility function can lead to an improvement in option valuation accuracy. The implied adjusted volatility is investigated in the context of Standard and Poor/Aus

This chapter reveals the argument that while other categories of physical functions should be emphasized, the visual aspects of public space cannot be neglected. This chapter therefore delves into reviews on two long existed public spaces locally known as padang. For this purposes, two padang of historical cities in Malaysia were reviewed. This cha

Kuala Lumpur began as a little town and started to take shape around 1875. Starting from this period, it grew in both physical size and population. Kuala Lumpur has emerged from a swamp and jungle area with a dominant township trading, governance and services. Between the trading and physical development, an open space development began to take sha

The main objective of the application of Islamic Criminal Law Islamic and non Islamic Countries is to establish a stable society which enjoys peace and contentment. The equality between its different categories is being applied, and the injustice, corruption as well as the obliqueness is restricted. Especially, the different criminal activities and