Data transformation (normalization) is a method used in data preprocessing to scale the range of values in the data within a uniform scale to improve the quality of the data; as a result, the prediction accuracy is improved. However, some scholars have questioned the efficacy of data normalization, arguing that it can destroy the structure in the o

Background: Given that “Hospital websites”, “Healthcare”, “Healthcare systems”, and “Hospital websites as a new media tool” are general terms relating to large amounts of important data, we narrowed our focus to perform a systematic review of Malaysian hospital websites‟ presentation of healthcare issues on the basis of “Preferr

Glycine max (L.) Merrill (vegetable soybean) is an important vegetable mainly among the Asian community. It is mainly consumed by human as a highly nutritious and savory snack. Instead of having a relatively higher protein and lower oil contents, it is also has a sweet and better tasting. Thus, this study aims to investigate the phenotypic characte

Arabic script is used by a multitude of languages and it is the second most widely used script in the world. Quran is revealed and written in Arabic but writing Quran scripts requires additional Arabic fonts that should reflect the recitation rules. Reciting Quran is mainly based on ten correct readings (Qira'at). There are two famous readings

Social entrepreneurship dated ages ago before the term social entrepreneur and a related discipline, called social entrepreneurship became vogue. While the discipline of social entrepreneurship tells us about “what’, the identity of social entrepreneur describes to us, “who”. But how to produce the “who” that performs the “what”? Th

This chapter introduces the concept of computer network. The tools, resources and standards of computer network have also being represented. The major component of computer network is people on the network and those managing the network; as a result the chapter highlights their interrelationships under different scheme. There is an interleaving spa

Maxillary hypoplasia resulting in skeletal class III malocclusion is high among patients with cleft lip and palate (25%)1. treatment is usually with Le Fort I advancement with/with out mandibular setback . the stability of maxillary advancement with Le Fort I surgery is unpredictable and is known for high percentage of relapse (4-40%).2,3 Therefore

Text recognition is one of the most interesting subjects in language recognition. It was investigated and studied by several researchers who worked on characters in general that might by handwritten or typewritten. These researchers tried to cover diverse areas in this subject by discussing, analyzing, comparing and implementing algorithms for each

Text refers to presentation of information aimed for establishing a communication between a writer and a reader. It is the most widely used and flexible means of communication. Text and symbols are the first way communication in the history of human civilization. It begins with meaningful marks which were scraped onto mud tablets and left to harden

Efficient watermarking techniques guarantee inaudibility and robustness against signal degradation. Spread spectrum watermarking technique makes it harder for unauthorized adversary to detect the position of the embedded watermark in the carrier file, because the watermark bits are spread in the carrier medium. Unfortunately, there is a high possib