INTRODUCTION The effectiveness of sunscreens depends on the absorption characteristics of each single UV filter substance. The objective of this study was to determine the penetration profile of UV filter substances using the imaging technique of DermaLab Combo probe and analytical technique of UV/VIS Spectroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2 mg/cm2 of

Caffeine prominent property as a natural sunscreen has received recent interests in researches on topical formulations incorporating this organic compound. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate caffeine behaviours in a broad-spectrum sprayable sunscreen preparation. Two types of sunscreen formulations were developed with and without prese

The aim of this study was to incorporate microponges loaded with resiquimod in gel dosage form. Microsponges were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method using dichloromethane (DCM), ethylacetate (EA), and chloroform in dispersed phase were incorporated into different gels. 0.5% w/w Carbopol® 934 (polyacrylic acid) powder was dispersed int

The study was undertaken to determine the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in sediment of coastal water of Pahang, Malaysia. Coastal water of Pahang is known for fishing areas, recreation and water sports activities. However, the development of recreational areas, resorts and restaurants along the coastal area could be the sources to the f

Healthcare Information Systems (HIS) play an important roles in helping to coordinate activities across units within hospitals through fast access to patients' electronic records. HIS is an initiative taken by Malaysian government to resolve several issues such as increasing number of patients who are in needs of treatment, increasing waiting t

Pasukan polis merupakan agensi persekutuan dan penguat kuasa undang-undang terbesar negara. Oleh itu, persoalan timbul berkaitan dengan punca kuasa dan kuasa pasukan polis untuk menguatkuasakan undang-undang jenayah syariah. Hal ini demikian kerana undang-undang syariah merupakan urusan negeri. Daripada peruntukan Perlembagaan Persekutuan, didapati

This study examined the tourists’ expenditure pattern in Melaka city. A total of 1500 diary record surveys were distributed, only 1000 surveys were collected. Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) was used to model interaction of domestic and international tourists in five tourism sectors-accommodation, food and beverages, transport

Mobile phone is changing the way the world communicates. In the early 1990s, only one per cent of the world's population owned a mobile phone but today almost all using mobile phone to make phone calls and sending text message. 4G is one of the fastest growing technologies currently available with higher data consumption and increased connectiv

In this paper, the fabrication of monolithic Wheatstone bridge circuit on piezoresistive microcantilever sensor is presented. The development of the device is realized through silicon micromachining technology on silicon substrate through three major fabrication steps including silicon piezoresistive microcantilever formation, aluminum deposition o

The culture of knowledge creation and knowledge sharing play very important role in the successful implementation of Knowledge Management in any Public or Private Institution of Higher Learning. The purpose of this study is to see how the culture of Knowledge Creation (KC) and Knowledge Sharing (KS) is applied in Public or Private Universities in M