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Over the last few decades businesses have witness a shift from transaction to a closer relationship management orientation. Marketing scholars have reported a shift of business orientations from products, to sales and finally to marketing. Thus, an extant of literature has reported that marketing orientation was to replace sales orientation. Howeve

Qardhul Hasan is a zero-return financing that Al-Quran urges Muslims to make available to those who need it. In addition, Qardhul Hasan is an example of a unique instrument offered by Islamic Financial Institutions (“IFIs”) due to non involvement of interest. The objective of this paper is to study the implementation of Qardhul Hasan concept, a

1 Challenges of Implementing Real Money: A Case of Gold Dinar in Kelantan. Muhammad -Bashir Yusuf, Ahamed Kameel Mydin Meera, Gairuzazmi Mat Ghani The August 2007, Globa l Financial Crisis was a blow to the world monetary system. The sophistication and advancement in the world financial infrastructure could not forecast lest prevent it. What starte

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PLANNING SUSTAINABLE CITIESINMALAYSIA IssuesandChallenges MARIANA MOHAMED OSMAN ALIASABDULLAH MOHAMMAD ABDUL MOHIT AZILAAHMAD SARKAWI HUMPRESS INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA Published by: IIUMPress International IslamicUniversity Malaysia FirstEdition,2011 ©IIUMPress,HUM Individual contributors copyright ©Prof.Dato'Dr.MansorIbrahim

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Electric discharge machining (EDM) is an effective manufacturing technique that enables the production of parts made of hard materials with complicated geometry that are difficult to produce by conventional machining processes. EDM is a process of eroding material by transient action of electric sparks on electrically conductive materials, one bein