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This paper examines the efforts to create enduring national unity in Malaysia by enhancing the citizens’ happiness from the welfare economics perspectives, particularly through the hedonic and eudaimonic approaches. While hedonic approach emphasizes on the tangible aspects of a person’s happiness, eudaimonic approach focuses on the realization

Islamic spirituality is under the Tawhidic paradigm (Unity of God), which links worldly deed with the consequences in the Hereafter (al Akhirah) (the Hereafter). In the training of cooperatives’ managers, one must possess knowledge (al ‘ilm) and understanding (al fahm) of the Tawhidic paradigm, and related values and principles before applying

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