The chi-square test is a new experiment introduced during ERTL and the laboratory activity was replaced with a web-based activity. A quantitative survey was conducted on 231 Biological Science students at CFS IIUM by convenience sampling to explore students’ perceptions of the learning activity designed for the chi-square experiment and to explor

Under the Malaysian evidence law, evidence procured by illegal methods, even by reprehensible methods such as entrapment is still admissible as long as it is relevant. Even though, there is a discretion to exclude, it is exercised in very circumscribed circumstances. In England, although entrapment is not a defence – the judiciary has adopted the

Under the Malaysian evidence law, evidence procured by illegal methods, even by reprehensible methods such as entrapment is still admissible as long as it is relevant. Even though, there is a discretion to exclude, it is exercised in very circumscribed circumstances. In England, although entrapment is not a defence – the judiciary has adopted the

The Learning Support Section of the Dar al-Hikmah Library, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) welcomed a group of enthusiastic students and officers from Institut Latihan Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (ILKKM) Sg. Buloh on 27 September 2023. Comprising of eight diligent students and two dedicated officers, the delegation arrived at II

Legal Professional privilege, a single integral (whose sub-heads are legal advice privilege and litigation privilege) is not a mere procedural incident of the forensic but a fundamental condition on which the administration of justice as a whole rests. It has been described as a fundamental human right of any person to obtain skilled advice by the

Where legal professional privilege attaches to communication between legal adviser and a client, the client is entitled to object to any third party seeing the communication for any purpose unless, (i) the client has agreed of waived his right, II) the advice is sought and given for a nefarious purpose, in furtherance of an illegal purpose. The bri

Pakistan has been facing a high incidence of poverty. Despite its persistent efforts to make a dent on poverty, the country never witnessed a systematic reduction in the same. The country has been spending a significant amount on safety nets and social protection programs. Some programs provide direct cash grants and other forms of indirect support

Malaysia have 14 Syariah court systems. The main reason for this state of affairs is the distribution of legislative powers under the Federal Constitution between the federation and the States where Islam and Islamic Law are States matters. This paper looks at the consequences of having distinct Syariah court systems based on States the courts and

Most of today’s writings on women tend to fit them within the frame of discrimination, where they are presented as victims of a male dominated society. Voices of women’s rights proponents are raised to promote gender equality in every aspect of life. However, is that what our society should aim for and to what extent should it carry out this qu

Gum karaya is a polysaccharide gum from Sterculia urens tree. It is used as an emulsifier and thickening agent in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, it has very strong swelling properties, high viscosity, and low solubility, providing the restricted applications in the food industry. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effe