An approach is presented to facilitate location management of mobile hosts using a distributed intelligent architecture. Intelligence is imbued onto an IP-based network as an overlay to provide mobility services. The overlay consists of a three-layered multi-agent architecture that would provide the necessary signaling and control information to su

With the advent of the handheld devices and multimedia applications, there has been an increasing interest for mobile multicast. IETF proposes two approaches. The first approach is Bi-directional (BT), where the mobile node subscribes to a multicast group through its home network. The second approach is Remote Subscription (RS), where the mobile no

The Aggregated Source Specific Multicast (ASSM) scheme is proposed to overcome the limitations of Source Specific Multicast (SSM). It aims to handle the scalability issue of SSM. The key idea is that multiple groups are forced to share a single delivery tree. However, the ASSM scheme suffers from routers under utilization problem. In our previous w

Peer editing enables students to collaborate and edit each other’s writing. In L2 classroom, the exercise does not only offer distinct advantages to language learning but also encourages students to be more responsible for their own writing. A number of studies have been conducted on the advantages, effectiveness and importance of peer editing in

In this study, a solar assisted heat-pump system for air-conditioning, water heating and drying was designed, constructed and performance evaluated. The three applications can be served simultaneously or independently. The presence of an innovative two-phase unglazed solar evaporator-collector, where refrigerant R-134a was used as the fluid, enable

This research develops a fuzzy based algorithm for microchip image lead Inspection. Leads are inspected for count, planarity, offset, pitch and span defects. Firstly, it utilizes fast preprocessing techniques and blobs’ features extraction methods to achieve high inspection rates. Using the features extracted, the algorithm first finds a proper t

Biodiesel is receiving an increased attention because of increases in crude oil prices, limited resources of fossil oil and environmental concerns. There has been renewed focus on using vegetable oils and animal fats to make biodiesel fuels. The main challenges in biodiesel industry are its production cost and limited availability of fats and oils

Sludge palm oil is a significant raw martial with above than 40% FFA for biodiesel production. The problem with processing these low cost oils is that they often contain large amounts of free fatty acids that cannot be converted to biodiesel using an alkaline catalyst. In this study, a comparison of acids catalyzed potential is described to reduce

The study examines the role of organizational justice (OJ) in promoting extra role behavior (ERB). OJ is a multi dimensional construct and involves fairness of reward/resource allocation decisions, procedural aspects of these decisions, fairness in interpersonal treatment, and fairness in information and explanation given to employees concerning de

Randomized-controlled Trial to Study the Equivalence of 1% Versus 2% Lignocaine in Cough Suppression and Satisfaction During Bronchoscopy Mohd Hadzri Hasmoni, MMed,* Mohammed Fauzi Abdul Rani, FRCP,* Roslan Harun, MRCP, PhD, wRoslina Abdul Manap, MMed, MRCP, w Nor Adina Ahmad Tajudin, MMed, wand Fauzi Md. Anshar, MRCP w Introduction: The optimum li