The chief aim of this chapter is to highlight one ofthe most important inventions ofthe 20th , century which was created by the Iranian professor Ali lavan. This invention is the gas laser composed of Helium-Neon Laser. In this chapter the theory of the gas laser, its main components and advantages will be dealt with in comparison to the normal las

Tool life prediction is an important factor that has profound influence on the higher productivity in industrial activities. High metal removal rate is intended to reduce the manufacturing cost and operation time. The productivity interms of a machining operation and machining cost, as well as quality assurance, and the quality of the workpiece mac

This present study was embedded in strategic planning theories and motivational concepts and theories; the ancient Chinese strategic theories in relation with other researchers' theories and models that explain the process of strategic planning in educational sector. it defined leadership as the lifting of people's vision to a higher sight,

A method and apparatus for remotely and selectively controlling and altering fluid flow through tubular string disposed within a wellbore and further control fluid flow between the tubular string inner flow passage and the annular flow passage, and a method for selectively and remotely receiving and interpreting a form of command or information at

ISO 9001 Quality Management System is one of the ISO 9000 set of standards that provides a series of guidelines on how to establish a quality system to manage the processes that affect its product or services. There are many benefits offered by ISO but it does not mean if a company managed to secure the certification, they will be able to experienc

Recently there have been numerous studies exploring the benefits of the coalition formation in a cognitive radio network and it has been shown that coalition formation tends to improve the performance of cognitive radio networks. In this paper, we use the concepts from matching theory to form coalitions of varying size among cognitive radio users f

In anaerobic digestion for enhancement of biogas production, various types of pre-treatment method have been used with some limitations in terms of sustainable environmental management. Although acid and alkali pretreatment have significant effect on the degradation of biomass, these methods have some negative impacts on environment due to their ha

An apparatus and method for remotely adjusting the hydraulic horse power per square inch (HSI) of a drill bit. The apparatus and method may allow the nozzle geometry to be varied remotely without the need to pull the drill string outside the hole. This nozzle may include a body configured to be secured within the rotary drill bit, and a fluid passa

Transesterification is one of the methods for biodiesel production in which oil or fat is reacted with alcohol, such as methanol or ethanol, in the presence of a catalyst to form alkyl ester and glycerol. The cost of biodiesel production is mainly affected by the system used and cost of feedstock. Currently, waste oil or fat is used in the producti

This paper aims to explain an important element that should be avoided in business dealings for them to be permissible. The interest to conduct this research was sparked by a fatwah given by some contemporary scholars. The fatwah says that Riba al-Fadhl does not exist in currency exchange, which inspired the selection of this topic. The objective o