This paper proposes an emotion recognition system using the electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. Both time domain and frequency domain approaches for feature extraction were evaluated using neural network (NN) and fuzzy neural network (FNN) as classifiers. Data was collected using psychological stimulation experiments. Three basic emotions namely

Introduction: The solution to a given problem is often inappropriate or inadequate owing to an erroneous diagnosis or a defective analysis of the underlying causes. This applies in a real sense to the deficient diagnosis made for the underdevelopment of the Muslim ummah, an ailment from which it has been suffering for several centuries. One major r

Secularism is the most serious challenge of modernity posed by the West. Its main ideology is to liberate man from the religious and metaphysical values and expel religion from the practical aspect of man’s life. It clearly presents its materialistic viewpoint which is cut off from Divine, Transcendent or Supernatural principles and does not refe

Independence is the primary justification of the existence, and thus the hallmark of the auditing profession. It is recognized as the primary attribute to be maintained by auditors in all circumstances. This study attempts to explore the determinants of auditor independence as perceived by Malaysian accountants using a self-administered mail survey

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the potential of Islamic financing schemes for microfinancing purposes. Design/methodology/approach – The paper contends that Islamic finance has an important role to contribute for furthering socio-economic development of the poor and small (micro) entrepreneurs without charging interest (read:

In Malaysia, it has become of increasing importance to study ways to improve the level of accessibility in buildings for the elderly and disabled people in the built environment, especially in hotels and resorts. The methods used in this study to identify areas to improve are access audits, table research and interviews. The data from these studies

In this paper we study unique ergodicity of C∗-dynamical system (A, T), consisting of a unital C∗-algebra A and a Markov operator T : A �→ A, relative to its fixed point subspace, in terms of Riesz summation which is weaker than Cesaro one. Namely, it is proven that (A, T) is uniquely ergodic relative to its fixed point subspace if and only

Problem statement: Processing of food involving heat will contribute to loss of nutritional content, thus it is important to measure and control temperature and time to reduce the loss. Approach: Examine the effects of variations in boiling temperature and boiling time on the antioxidant activity of the boiling extract of Plecranthus amboinicus Lou

This study aimed to investigate whether tear ferning (TF) pattern is affected by gender and the menstrual cycle. The first phase of this study investigated if there were any TF pattern differences between genders. The second phase of this study investigated the changes in TF pattern during the menstrual cycle. For each subject, 10 microliters of te

Based on papers presented at the international conference, held in Kuala Lumpur on August 26-28, 2005.