This paper presents an experimental study of suddenly expanded flows at supersonic speed is performed. A Convergent-divergent (C-D) nozzle is used with suddenly expanded duct. At the recirculation zone, the pressure is controlled by using four microjets of 1 mm diameter arranged at PCD of 1.3 as an active control mechanism to regulate the pressure

Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations were carried out using ANSYS FLUENT for suddenly expanded flow through the convergent-divergent nozzle and a suddenly expanded duct. The Length-to-Diameter ratio of 10 for the duct was used in the analysis. Also, an Area Ratio between CD Nozzle exit area and Duct Area was used to be 1.6. The effects of Nozzl

Although the demand for rockets and missiles has increased exponentially the problems of the gas dynamics related to these vehicles remains to be a challenge. The main problem is high-pressure associated with the shock wave in front and low-pressure recirculation bubble attached behind the vehicle at the blunt base. This barrier of wave drag due to

A semicircular grooved cavity is designed for controlling the base pressure and hence the base drag in case of a backward facing step. This paper presents the effect of the continuous grooved cavity to control the base pressure for various compressible subsonic flow to minimize the base drag. The grooved cavity of 1.5 mm radius at 45o along a pitch

Hepatitis B virus core (HBc) particles acquire the capacity to disassemble and reassemble in a controlled manner, allowing entrapment and delivery of drugs and macromolecules to cells. HBc particles are made of 180−240 copies of 21 kDa protein monomers, assembled into 30−34 nm diameter icosahedral particles. In this study, we aimed at formulati

The purpose of this paper is to examine the notion of riba. Riba is the only transgression in the Quran which invokes war on Allah SWT and his Messenger SAW. This writeup examines riba with a threefold objective: i) to establish that riba is a universal prohibition and not just an Islamic injunction, ii) to understand that riba was a widely entrenc

In this paper, we investigated the knowledge management (KM) behavior of executives in Malaysia who work in different sectors and involved in Information Technology (IT) related fields. We proposed a conceptual framework based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Te

Objective: International studies show that ICU outreach services help to improve patients' condition and reduce both the length of hospital stays and mortality rates. However, Malaysian nurses’ perceptions of ICU outreach services and their implementation have previously remained uninvestigated. This study thus aims to uncover Malaysian nurse

Scarcity in fuel from fossil fuel has led to exploration of potential substitutes from renewable sources. Biodiesel as one of renewable energy sources is identified as cleaner alternative to petroleum fuel. This paper reports on the study of potassium carbonate, K2CO3 sourced from pineapple and orange peels as heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel p

Inthis study, biochar was produced from sugarcane bagasse in a modified muffle furnace without using a purging gas at different tem-peratures; 400 ̊C to 700 ̊C with increments of 50 ̊C at 25 ̊C/min heating rate. Biochar yields were significantly influenced by the de-volatization of biomass during the pyrolysis and were inversely proportional to