In this work, various activated carbons have been prepared by steam activation from oil palm empty fruit bunches to study the effect of activation temperature, activation time and steam flow rate. Series of batch laboratory experiments were conducted in order to investigate the feasibility of activated carbon – derived from oil palm empty fruit b

Many configurations of EDFA producing triple pass EDFAs have been used, however, only two configurations are commonly used in the optical fiber communication system due to their high performance. Those two configurations are configured in a double stage EDFA. The first configuration is (configuration A) consists of a single-pass EDFA as the first s

Modeling and design of a single photon detector and its various characteristics are presented. It is a type of avalanche photo diode (APD) designed to suit the requirements of a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) detection system. The device is modeled to operate in a gated mode at liquid nitrogen temperature for minimum noise and maximum gain. Differe

The Performance of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) combined with Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) has been analyzed in presence of fiber optic dispersion. The influence of dispersion on the (OFDM) spectrum is investigated with fiber lengths, bit rates, no. of channels and source line widths. The inter-channel interference occ

This research reports the study that aims to enhance the activity of xanthine oxidase inhibitor, a secondary metabolite, found in Chrysanthemum indicum and to identify the most suitable elicitors with the optimize elicitation time and concentration. Many plant species are well known source of secondary metabolite with a variety of biological activi

The design of a prototype monolithic Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) electronic circuits, namely the Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCOs) is presented. The components can achieve the stringent requirements of wireless communication applications such as GSM cellular telephony. The VCO meets the low phase noise specifications of -136 dBc/Hz

A Capacitive Micro-machined Ultrasonic Transducer (cMUT) is presented. It is a new type of transducer that can be used to transmit and receive ultrasonic signals in medical scanners and a variety of other applications. The behavior of cMUT is investigated based on a proposed model of an equivalent circuit by which the characteristics are predicted.

It is very important for the hydrologists, water resources engineers and relevant authorities to use the local data and be as accurate as possible in calculating the probable maximum flood (PMF) which, in turn, is strongly related to the extreme rainfall amount commonly known as probable maximum precipitation (PMP). The main objective of designing

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are interesting materials which are being researched intensively in the past few year. Application of CNTs in water treatment with their unique properties has attracted the attention of many scientists and engineers. Moreover, manipulation of CNTs with other polymers has been done for different applications. This study descr

An efficient, effective and sustainable water services are very crucial for human survival. The Malaysian government has recently restructured its legal and institutional framework of water supply services after realizing that the existing regulatory structure did not work effectively for the water industry. The restructuring process has necessaril