This paper concerns Quantity Surveyors and their competencies in the provision of PFI services. It begins with the respective overviews on the quantity surveying profession and Public Private Partnership (PPP) in Malaysia. Generally, QSs are engaged to provide construction related professional services including procurement, costing and contractual

Dӧmӧsi’s cryptosystem (Dӧmӧsi’s, 2008; Dӧmӧsi, November 11–14, 2009) is a new stream cipher based on finite automata without outputs. The cryptosystem uses specific deterministic finite accepters as secret keys for the encryption and decryption. Though this cryptosystem has been proven to be secure against different standard attacks (se

Lean Manufacturing (LM) is a thought developed in Toyota, thus, there is lack of studies investigated whether the implementation of LM is appropriate for different enterprises’ or not because of different organizational and social culture of enterprises and labor. This paper critically analyzes eleven prevailing models for LM in an attempt to fin

Dömösi’s cryptosystem [2, 3] is a new stream cipher based on finite automata. The cryptosystem uses specific deterministic finite accepters as secret keys for the encryption and decryption. Though this cryptosystem has been proven to be secure against different standard attacks (see [8]), the proposed encryption algorithms in [2, 3] involve exh

Finite automata are backbones of the cryptosystems based on language theory. Most of the cryptosystems based on grammars and word problems are either insecure or do not satisfy digital signature prosperities. Basically, the cryptosystems based on automata are classified into cryptosystems based on: transducers, cellular automata and acceptors (i.e.

This paper presents a reminiscence of the Lesson Study through the eyes and perspective of the author and is narrated in three main stages - the past, the present and the future. It initially relates how Lesson Study started in Brunei. It then relates how it began to be accepted by the teachers due to strong support from the Brunei Ministry of Educ

Creativity is an essential element of teaching and learning that brings delight and meaningfulness to the classroom and to students‟ learning experiences. Recent calls in education for the implementation of authentic activities and real-world problem solving that promote student-engagement with curriculum content require more flexible and creativ

Economic engagement of refugees and supporting their micro enterprises have been acknowledged long ago by UNHCR and humanitarian agencies as an effective solution to promote self-sufficiency and self-reliance of refugees and to improve their socio-economic situations.However, in terms of implementation, economic engagement of refugees has remained

In food industry, wide-ranging processing of sea cucumbers (Phylum Echinodermata: Class Holothuroidea) including gutting, boiling, roasting, and subsequent preservation procedures are frequently needed prior to marketing. These processes cause body deformation of the sea cucumbers, thus leading to difficulties in species identification and confirma

It is an inveterate principle of the common law, adopted by common law jurisdictions that any person cannot be compelled to answer any questions that may incriminate himself. This privilege against answering self-incriminating questions can only be abrogated by statute, expressly or by necessary implication. Though, this privilege has been much cri