Steganography is a technique used to transmit hidden information by modifying an audio signal in an imperceptible manner. The transmission must be possible in spite of subsequent imperceptible alterations (attacks) of the modified signal. We propose a novel approach of substitution technique of audio steganography. Using genetic algorithm, message

BACKGROUND: Measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among patients with osteoarthritis (OA) helps the health care provider to understand the impact of the disease in the patients' own perspective and make health services more patient-centered. The main aim of this study was to measure the quality of life among patients with sympto

In this paper, we present a novel, principled approach to resolve the remained problems of substitution technique of audio steganography. Using the proposed genetic algorithm, message bits are embedded into multiple, vague and higher LSB layers, resulting in increased robustness. The robustness specially would be increased against those intentional

This paper presents a novel, principled approach to resolve the remained problems of substitution technique of audio steganography. Using the proposed genetic algorithm, message bits are embedded into multiple, vague and higher LSB layers, resulting in increased robustness. The robustness specially would be increased against those intentional attac

Introductory remarks: A thorough understanding of any civilization will be incomplete without the appreciation of its arts, for art is not merely a trend - among other trends - in life, but a manifestation of cultural identity in its diverse totality. It is an embodiment of the faith that governs it, the socio-cultural conditions that give birth to

This book discusses the policies of several core states of the Arab regional system, Syria, Egypt and Saudi Arabia, during 2001 and 2005, that were spurred by the demands and suggestions emphasized in the political discourse of George W. Bush, the President of the United States during the period of the investigation. This study attempts to explain

Least Significant Bit (LSB) technique is the earliest developed technique in watermarking and it is also the most simple, direct and common technique. It essentially involves embedding the watermark by replacing the least significant bit of the image data with a bit of the watermark data. The disadvantage of LSB is that it is not robust against att

The study attempts to provide a brief discussion on human capital development in Malaysia. Using data from online survey of companies in MSC Malaysia, it (1) compares the quantity and quality of training between local and foreign MSC Malaysia status companies, (2) analyzes the factors that affect the occurence and magnitude of training for these co

An important task in empirical research on prejudice, respect and inclusion in children is the measurement of attitudes and behaviours. Although the literature on measuring attitudes and behaviour in adults is of some assistance, it is also clear that the task of measuring children’s attitudes and behaviour presents particular problems and challe

Introduction: As one passes over the bridge that crosses the Karak Highway on the new Sg. Pusu Road, one is immediately welcomed by a panoramic view of the cluster of buildings below, with distinct blue tiled roofs and sandy textured walls. It is as if one is chancing upon the lost city of Shangrila, albeit an Islamic looking one. The columns and c