Malaysia and Nigeria are multi-religious, multi-ethnic, Muslim-majority democratic countries. The Malaysian system is based on the parliamentary system while Nigeria operates the presidential system. Both countries are federations where elected official run the federal and state governments respectively. Both countries are multi-party states where

Hardened materials like AISI H13 steel are generally regarded as s difficult to cut materials because of their hardness due to intense of carbon content, which however allows them to be used extensively in the hot working tools, dies and moulds. The challenges in machining steels at their hardened state led the way to many research works in amelior

This paper presents an optimization technique for microstrip antennas using cubic spline based particle swarm optimization (CSPSO). An application of this algorithm is developed for microstrip antenna optimization. An initial antenna is designed by searching an acceptable solution from collective range of antenna parameters. The data for developing

In his seminal essay, Preliminary Statement on a General Theory of the Islamization of the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago, Syed Naquib al-Attas stated that “Islam came to the Archipelago couched in Şūfī metaphysics.” According to him, Malay intellectual history began with the Islamization of the worldview of the Malays which was primarily effe

Based on magnetometer measurements only, three-axis attitude, rate, and orbit estimation are successfully achieved. A single Augmented Dynamics Extended Kalman Filter (ADEKF) is configured by combining the spacecraft nonlinear attitude dynamics and quaternion kinematics with orbital mechanics. The filter design is adopted for three-axis stabilized

A nonlinear control scheme using a Modified State-Dependent Riccati Equation (MSDRE) is developed through a pseudo-linearization of spacecraft augmented nonlinear dynamics and kinematics. The full-state knowledge required for the control loop is provided through a generalized algorithm for spacecraft three-axis attitude and rate estimation based on

A generalized algorithm for spacecraft three-axis attitude and rate estimation is presented. The filter concept presented here is quite general and applicable to a wide range of sensor systems. The structure of the filter is built using spacecraft nonlinear dynamics in the presence of momentum exchange devices. Then quaternion kinematics are augmen

This paper presents the application of a Modified State–Dependent Riccati Equation MSDRE approach in multi-object attitude and rate tracking. A nonlinear controller using the MSDRE is developed through a pseudo-linearization of spacecraft augmented nonlinear absolute dynamics and kinematics. The developed controller is adopted to solve a trajecto

Vehicle clamping is a practice that started in the 1950’s in order to enforce traffic and parking regulations usually inside private premises.It often involves the immobilization of a vehicle via a wheel lock that is attached to the tyres of a car in order to make sure that it cannot be driven. However, not only is this practice burdensome to dri

In this paper design of active suspension in a quarter car model is presented. The idea of suspension is to improve the ride quality while maintaining good handling characteristics to different road disturbance. The purpose of designing the active controller for vehicle suspension systems is to decrease the traditional design between ride and handl