The fade margin is an important parameter used by the operator to measure the link availability for a given time. Fade margin is a parameter that is used in the design of satellite links to ensure optimal performance of the link. A new technique is proposed where the fade margin of a satellite link can be estimated using attenuation statistics of r

This paper attempts to investigate waqf as a possible instrument to reduce the Malaysian Federal Government debt. The latest Malaysian federal government debt to gross domestic product (GDP) ratio is 54.47%; more than the 50% threshold for developing economies. This increasing debt level will hurt the economy in the long run. In an effort to reduce

The halal logo(s) issued by JAKIM tend to confuse consumers as they greatly lacked information about the genuine halal logo. This was found by conducting open ended, but structured interviews from 20 Malays and showing them 10 halal logos (9 original and 1 fake) to see whether they could recognize the fake from the originals. This research found th

Air pollution is becoming a major environmental issue in Malaysia. This study focused on the identification of potential sources of variations in air quality around the study area based on the data obtained from the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE). Eight air quality parameters in ten monitoring stations for seven years (2006 – 2012) wer

The demand of the good quality of research especially in academic field rose the emerging of library online databases services nowadays. Internet is the network of physical objects that enable the library online database services available. Most of the universities in Malaysia have subscribed the library online databases to provide students more op

This paper deals with the extended design for Fredholm and Volterra integral equations and design for Fredholm and Volterra integro-differential equations of first-order to second-order nonlinear Fredholm and second-order nonlinear Volterra integro-differential equations having square integrable kernels. This approach utilizes the inherent dynamics

We propose and demonstrate a passively mode-locked fiber laser operating at 1951.8 nm using a commercial thulium-doped fiber (TDF) laser, a homemade double-clad thulium–ytterbium co-doped fiber (TYDF) as the gain media, and a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) based saturable absorber (SA). We prepare the MWCNT composite by mixing a homogeneous

This paper is devoted to discuss the new approach to define inner product space Aμ on a unital commutative semi-simple separable Fréchet Q lmc*- algebra via the Gelfand transformation by mean of probability measure μ on the maximal ideal space Δ of A. We will establish that every maximal ideal M of A with M┴ ≠ {0} is Aμ -closed and consequ

We demonstrate a simple, compact and low cost Q-switched fiber lasers based on Erbium-doped fiber (EDF) and Thulium-doped fiber (TDF) to operate at 1534.5 nm and 1846.4 nm, respectively by exploiting a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) polymer composite film based saturable absorber (SA). The composite is prepared by mixing the MWCNTs homogene

TRIPS Agreement provides significant flexibility to member countries to determine the scope and duration of compulsory licences issued by them. TRIPS mandates, however, that the scope and duration of the licence must not go beyond the purpose for which the licence is issued. For countries that have never invoked compulsory licences before, the lack