Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disorder characterized by reactive gliosis, inflammation, and demyelination. Microglia plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MS and has the dynamic plasticity to polarize between pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. Metformin, a glucose-lowering drug, attenuates inflammatory respons

Active repair of a damaged structure using piezoelectric (PZT) actuators has played a significant role during the last two decades in reducing crack damage propagation in structures due to its electro-mechanical effect. Similarly, passive repair of damaged structures using composite materials has been widely used in recent years, and it has been di

This book analyses the Islamic viewpoint on the rights of a suspect or an accused at all stages of criminal procedures. Al-Qur’an, al-sunnah and other sources of Islamic Law have been the basis of discussion. The opinion of the four established sunni schools have also been referred to. The findings are thereafter compared with Malaysian law. It h

Kalangan masyarakat Islam di negara ini hairan melihat kekejaman kerajaan Iraq terhadap rakyatnya sendiri. Kerjasama kerajaan baru Iraq dengan Amerika Syarikat (AS) untuk memusnahkan kubu pejuang Iraq tidak dapat diterima oleh kebanyakan umat Islam di dunia ini. Dalam hukum hakam Islam perbuatan begini adalah haram sama sekali malah ia termasuk dal

Masyarakat memberi pelbagai pandangan berhubung pelantikan wanita sebagai timbalan mufti. Malaysia ialah sebuah negara yang mengiktiraf kebolehan dan kewibawaan wanita. Ini merupakan satu keistimewaan negara Islam yang dibentuk oleh kerajaan Malaysia. Kejayaan wanita Malaysia dalam memperoleh hak dan melaksanakan tugas sebagai para pentadbir, pemim

Berita mengenai kira-kira 30,000 profesional Malaysia bekerja di luar negara yang dipaparkan akhbar baru-baru ini menunjukkan ramai golongan profesional Malaysia kurang prihatin terhadap kepentingan negara. Bekerja di luar negara terutamanya di Britain, Amerika Syarikat dan negara- negara Barat bukan sahaja memberi pendapatan lumayan malah mampu me

Serangan tempat-tempat awam oleh tentera-tentera Amerika Syarikat (AS) di Iraq dan Afghanistan menunjukkan bahawa kehadiran tentera-tenteranya di negara Islam bukan bertujuan untuk keamanan dan kemanusiaan. Sikap dan tindakan kejam mereka secara terbuka di negara tersebut bukan sahaja boleh menimbulkan kemarahan masyarakat dunia, malah ia juga mend

Discourse on Value Proposition Design for Multi-Sided platform business model in the context of Human Computer Interaction and User Experience (HCI-UX) is scarce. This paper proposes a consideration how HCI-UX could receive compelling benefits from the use of Value Proposition Design (VPD) concept. Understanding of the underpinning principles of VP

The metabolites of three species of Apiaceae, also known as Pegaga, were analyzed utilizing 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) resolved the species, Centella asiatica, Hydrocotyle bonariensis, and Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, into three clusters. The saponins

Smart phones have introduced great easiness in our daily life by mobile applications. Nowadays, it is possible to complete tasks on-the-go, without the need of computer. One of the facilities provided is the mechanism to buy flight tickets via mobile phones. However, in the development phase, often poor consideration of end-users’ usability requi