The study evaluated the comparative reliability of different question formats of contingent valuation method by resurvey of the same households nine months after their original survey. The test-retest correlations are statistically significant at 1% level. Comparative reliability of different question formats has been tested comparing the test-rete

The traction mechanics of a vehicle was developed based on the track–terrain interaction mechanism. The vehicle was tested on three different terrains: terrain I, terrain II, and terrain III. The tractive effort of the vehicle increased 14 per cent when the moisture content of the terrain increased from 59.85 per cent to 81.06 per cent. A tractio

The effectiveness of the developed automation system on the vehicle was verified with the validated mathematical model. The vehicle’s tractive efforts recorded with the installed developed automation system in the range of 40 to 64 % of the vehicle gross weight and 47 to 67% of the vehicle dry weight, represent the high effectiveness of the torqu

This paper describes design and development of a hybrid full rubber track air-cushion vehicle (HTACV) for collection-transportation operation of palm oil fresh fruit bunches (FFB) on the low bearing capacity of 7 kN/m2 swamp peat terrain. The full segmented rubber track mechanism is used as the driving system to overcome the rolling motion resistan

The Low Ground Pressure (LGP-30) wheel vehicle was tested on the 17 kN/m2 low bearing capacity peat terrain in Malaysia. The number of field test was conducted at three different traveling speeds of 6 km/h, 10 km/h and 12 km/h by mounting the developed torque transducer with the vehicle. The sensitivity of the designed and developed torque transduc

OBJECTIVES: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of common clinical problem presented in daily otological practice. The pathological problems can be either in the cochlea or in the retrocochlear region. Majority of the aetiologies are unknown. The causes have been postulated secondaries to vascular pathology, autoimmune reaction, inflammatory p

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to analyze the outcome of surgical management in traumatic facial paralysis secondary to temporal bone fracture. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Prospective review was done in eleven patients with House-Brackmann’s grading more than IV. The facial nerves were decompressed via transmastoid approach. High-resolution c

The growth of the Internet as a vehicle for secure communication has resulted in Data Encryption Standard (DES) no longer capable of providing high-level security for data protection. Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) is a symmetric block cipher with 192 bits key proposed to further enhance DES. Many applications crave for the speed of a hardw

The efficiency of pond aquaculture largely depends on species combination, stocking density and ratio, and the quantity and quality of nutrient inputs. In semi-intensive polyculture, fish production is mainly based on natural productivity, which greatly depends on nutrients availability in the water column. Addition of benthivorous fish enhances th

As shown in previous studies, annexins are involved in many essential cellular processes and defence against various types of biotic and abiotic stresses. The purpose of this study is primarily to assess the relative contribution of annexins in the antioxidative defence against lead (Pb) stress. It is hypothesized that Pb exposure could result in o