A technique that is based on spherical wave functions expansion for the free space Green’s function is used to derive exact near and far electromagnetic fields expressions for traveling wave circular loop antennas (TW-CLAs) with arbitrary phase change. These expressions describe separately electromagnetic fields inside and outside a sphere that g

The performance of the circular loop antenna (CLA) largely improves in terms of impedance matching and directive gain when a body of revolution (BOR)-type of reflector is placed symmetrically relative to the loop. The input impedance, reflection coefficient, VSWR, directivity, and radiation patterns of a loop antenna for cases of a reflector-hemisp

This project, we present a novel, fast, hybrid and bi-level segmentation technique uniquely developed for segmentation of medical images. Medical images are generally characterized by multiple regions, and weak edges. When regions in medical images are viewed as made up of homogeneous group of intensities, it becomes more difficult to analyze becau

Problem statement: In previous researches, we investigated the security of communication channels, which utilizes authentication, key distribution between two parties, error corrections and cost establishment. In the present work, we studied new concepts of Quantum Authentication (QA) and sharing key according to previous points. Approach: This stu

An automotive brake disc or rotor is a device for slowing or stopping the motion of a wheel while it runs at a certain speed. The widely used brake rotor material is cast iron which consumes much fuel due to its high specific gravity. The aim of this paper is to develop the material selection method and select the optimum material for the applicati

A new technology, which uses thermoelectric elements as side-walls of microthrusters for heating and cooling purpose, is emerging. This technique can improve the performance of low-Reynolds-number microthrusters as a result of increasing the flow momentum forces or decreasing the viscous forces. In the present paper, we focus on the effect of using

The aim of this paper is to develop the material selection method and select the optimum material for the application of folding bicycle frame. Two methods are introduced for the selection of materials, such as cost per unit property and digital logic methods. In cost per unit property, only one property (strength) is considered whereas in digital

Knowledge based systems (also known as computer-based expert systems) can be constructed by obtaining knowledge from a human expert and transforming it into a form that a computer may use to solve engineering problems. The aim of this paper is to select the optimum material for the operation of automotive piston emphasizing on the substitution of t

A bicycle frame is a crucial part for cycling performance, efficiency, comfort, and injury prevention. This is especially true in the case of children cyclists that do not have the necessary cycling experience, balance and the fully developed musculoskeletal system of the adults. The selection of the correct materials for a particular product espec

Pengenalan Mengurus dan merancang harta adalah sangat digalakkan di dalam Islam. Di dalam sesetengah keadaan, pengurusan harta pusaka bukan lagi merupakan satu pilihan tetapi adalah satu keperluan terutama apabila wujud keadaan di mana pelaksanaan sesuatu perkara itu wajib kita tunaikan. Dalam konteks ini, Islam membenarkan kita untuk melupuskan ha