Poverty alleviation is amongst the central goals of the Malaysian Government which they want to achieve with the aid of policies and programs such as the new economic policy and national economic plan. Despite this effort, 40% of household in the country hitherto struggle with a monthly take-home less than RM2, 300. Consequently, an effective strat

In this paper an exact electromagnetic near-fields expressions for an array of circular loop antennas (CLA) are presented. The technique is based on the spherical wave functions expansion for the free space Green’s function. Fields of the uniform current CLAs array and that on the axis of the array, as well as the fields of the so called gate ant

Exact electromagnetic near-fields expressions of a circular loop antenna (CLA) over a ground plane are presented in this paper. The technique is based on the spherical Bessel functions (SBFs) and associated Legendre polynomials (ALPs) expansion for the Green's function. The known far-field expressions for the loop/ground plane problem are deriv

This resource/disclosure is an audio guide containing the 112 original voice files of Dr. Zurahani Abdul Rahim (IIUM) for the articulation of the IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) symbols. The recordings were for all consonant and vowel symbols featured in the IPA chart (IPA chart, Revised to 2015). In summary, the audio/voice recordings accoun

The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)1 is the most widely adopted international human rights treaty of the time, and almost all Muslim States are parties to the treaty. This contribution seeks to examine the issues and challenges that Muslim States are faced with in the imple­ mentation of the CRC. It first reviews the various reservatio

There may be legal as well as non-legal factors that are the main causes of the civilian harm in a non-international armed conflict. In view of the lessons taken from civil wars that occurred around the world, the report of the UN Secretary General, and cases decided by international tribunals, the paper identifies the legal factors that contribute

Software engineering techniques and tools are required to develop or build any computer-based applications. The task of developing Software applications is a complex, expensive and ethical engineering which requires qualified software engineering professionally and ethically. Studies and literature denoted that software engineering professionals st

Within the rapid development of the recent computer-based applications; software quality becomes one of the critical issues to be considered. Software development is complex, costly, widely used and a core (heart) for critical and risky applications that have great affect on human life. Software testing is an essential issue in software quality. To

World Wide statistics show the increasing number of properties such as cars, house, and offices, in term of production and theft attempts. There is a big international effort in research and industrial production done to develop and produce security systems, but we still in need for more improvement since the number of theft cases are still increas

This paper advocates two main arguments: (1) that a terrorist attack may not be an ‘armed attack’ under Article 51 of the UN Charter to justify the use of military force in self-defence if a State is not responsible for it and if the attack is not of such gravity as to amount to an actual armed attack conducted by regular armed forces; and (2)