Intranasal delivery has shown to circumvent blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and deliver the drugs into the CNS at a higher rate and extent than other conventional routes. The mechanism of drug transport from nose-to-brain is not fully understood yet, but several neuronal pathways are considered to be involved. Intranasal nanoemulsion for brain targeting

This study aims to model the effect of tax reform on inflation, focusing on the indirect tax regime or known as GST or VAT in some countries. Malaysia had undergone two major tax reforms in the past three years starting from the shift from SST to GST in April 2015. In September 2018, the government reverted to the SST system. Any form of new tax af

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important gender-based, social, and public health problem that affects women worldwide, including women who are pregnant or have recently given birth. Studies have shown that violence against women often increases during pregnancy and the postpartum period. This study aims to examine lifetime and past-year prev

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the data collected from Malaysian students to investigate the effects of students’ entrepreneurial characteristics (need for achievement, locus of control, propensity to take risk, self-confidence, tolerance of ambiguity and uncertainty, and leadership) on their propensity to become entrepren

Unacknowledged of tourist movement among locals and inefficient marketing strategy leads to unawareness of tourist attraction in Muar, Johor. Thus, this paper intended to introduce a mobile application named movement to promote available attractions in Muar, Johor. The study focuses on motivations, interest and compositions, the timing of visits an

The ability of an optometrist to extract relevant information from clinical printout will greatly affect their diagnosis. In this paper, an eye tracking methodology has been proposed as a non-intrusive mechanism to study the effect of learning among optometrist to-be in reading clinical data printout. A total of 10 clinical students were enrolled i

Three-dimensional (3D) printed model becomes more popular as the flexibility to print 3D model has become cheaper to produce. This research sought to assess the effect of using 3D printed model as a tool in teaching on optometry students. Another primary focus of this research was to assess the confidence level and enjoyment level among the second-

The Government of Malaysia has developed various programmes to incorporate memorisation of the Quran among non-religious major students which include MRSM Ulul Albab and Darul Quran by JAKIM. However, to date, there is a lack of empirical evidence such programmes would induce change at the anatomical level especially in the brain. This study aims t

Country governance and economic efficiency plays a prominent role in the government administration and the economic health of a nation in the modern economy. This includes ensuring the effective implementation of fiscal and monetary policies for the society well-being. This book focuses on the role of country governance in the implementation of Val

Depending upon the diametrically opposed views of interpreting the sacred text, religion, an increasingly more vital and shaping force in both personal and public life, can either promote global peace or pervasive conflict. Therefore, peace among nations cannot be achieved without peace among religions. The Sword-verse (5) of chapter (9) is assumed