This study examines the impact of the MBS on overall financial management in the Malaysian central government organisations. This study adopted cross sectional survey with two main stages of data collection - questionnaire and interview surveys. Providing evidence on the applicability of NPFM in developing countries, generally the respondents agree

Meera and Abdul Razak (2005) compared the al-Bay’ Bithaman Ajil (BBA) and the Musharakah Mutanaqisah Partnership (MMP) contracts. The BBA, a murabahah contract, was argued to be problematic and even unIslamic for long-duration contracts. The MMP contract which is a combination of musharakah (partnership) and ijarah (rental) contracts was argued t

Recent progress in biotechnology and basic immunology is leading to the development of a wide range of new vaccines raising possibilities for the prevention of infectious diseases. In addition, improvement to already licensed vaccine is also being considered leading to new products as well as the introduction of a new type of adjuvant. However, the

Currently, virus separation process is mainly conducted by using ultracentrifugation or sucrose gradient electrophoresis methods. Both methods however have several drawbacks wherein the ultracentrifugation method requires very high rotational speed to separate the virus while the sucrose gradient electrophoresis method is very time consuming. Alter

This study is emphasized specifically on the potential of the mango “Mangifera Indica” seed kernel by discovering the prospective usage of mango seed kernels as a source of antibacterial compounds against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial strains

Dunia pendidikan sentiasa mengalami perubahan selari dengan peredaran zaman dan tuntutan keperluan negara. Dengan itu, sistem pendidikan memerlukan seseorang pemimpin yang berkaliber dalam mencapai impian dan wawasan negara. Di institusi pendidikan, peranan pengetua adalah sangat penting di mana gaya kepimpinannya dapat mempengaruhi dan memajukan t

Dewasa ini masyarakat ketika ini berhadapan dengan suasana yang penuh dengan kemelut keruntuhan akhlak yang cukup membimbangkan. Sejak akhir-akhir ini kita sering dihidangkan dengan berita-berita yang negatif tentang generasi muda di samping sebilangan kecil kisah kejayaan dan kecemerlangan yang telah diraih oleh mereka. Kes-kes salah laku jenayah

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is considered to be one of the oldest cultivatable crops. The date palm kernels(DPK) considered a waste product of many date processing plants producing pitted dates, date syrup and date confectionery. Direct consumption of dates is also considered as a source of DPK. This study was carried out on DPK to clarify thei

Currently, many oil sources mainly from plants that produce oil have been identified; however the potential of some of them as oil sources has not been assessed. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is considered to be one of the oldest cultivatable crops. It has been the old food and chief source of wealth in the irrigable desert from ancient times. Th

A cheat-proof protocol for real-time gaming is proposed under the assumption that time-stamp servers issue serially numbered time stamps honestly and are available near every player, i.e., they exist everywhere in the Internet. With this protocol, each player sends its action to the other player and also sends its hash to the nearest time-stamp ser