To increase the accuracy of Location-aware personal computing application, multi-observers of IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) signals can be used to track indoor user location. Even-though Wi-Fi is more and more widely available on most mobile devices, unfortunately, because of the reflection, refraction, temperature, humidity and the dynamic changing in the e

The widespread of Internet usage has resulted in a greater number and variety of applications involving different types of private information. In order to diminish privacy concerns and strengthen user trust, security improvements in terms of authentication are necessary. The solutions need to be convenient, entailing ease of use and higher mobilit

Multiradio wireless mesh network is a promising architecture that improves the network capacity by exploiting multiple radio channels concurrently. Channel assignment and routing are underlying challenges in multiradio architectures since both determine the traffic distribution over links and channels. The interdependency between channel assignment

Urban squares are a type of public open space that cater for various activities for the public, such as for events and leisure. The activities in the square are not only contributed by annual events and celebrations, but also daily and weekly informal activities of visitors and tourists, such as leisure strolls, gathering, night picnicking and othe

Mosque funds in Muslim countries where Tabarru‘āt (donations) operates should have had an enormous impact on Muslim empowerment and poverty alleviation. However, these funds appear to be managed ineffectively. In Malaysia, the setup of Tabung Masjid (TM) has not effectively achieved its goals partly due to a lack of awareness of the Islamic juri

Background: Evidence suggests the use of complementary therapies may help in relieving the adverse effects of cancer-related treatment, including nausea. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of inhaled ginger essential oil (EO) in improving dietary intake in women with breast cancer experiencing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).

Vernonia amygdalina (VA) is a member of Asteracea family that use as traditional folk medicine in treating various infection and diseases. This study aim to determine the phytochemical characterization of Malaysian local VA and determine the acute oral toxicity. Phytochemical investigation was done by standard procedures. The crude extract of VA wa

Public squares function as open spaces where people can conduct many activities and events in the city. The ‘life’ of squares evolves and changes according to the contemporary demands of the people. Learning about the evolution of the City Square in Melbourne, Australia, this study aims to analyse how its designs changed over the years in order

Background: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is the commonest cause of spinal cord dysfunction and MRI remains the imaging of choice for CSM. However, its findings are not completely specific for clinically significant CSM. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the pathoanatomy of CSM and analyze the correlation between cli

Kemerdekaan mempunyai erti yang luas bukan sahaja terhad terhadap kebebasan politik atau bebas dari penjajahan. Pembentangan ini membincangkan erti kemerdekaan yang sebenar dari pelbagai dimensi. Antara perkara yang disentuh ialah erti dari sudut bahasa agama ekonomi dan sosio-budaya. Tumpuan khuss diberikan kepada penjajahan bentuk baru iaitu penj