In this paper we provide a detailed account of an ultra-wideband wavelength converter that shifts from 1310 to 1550 nm using a 1310 nm semiconductor optical amplifier as the nonlinear medium. The experimental approach uses an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) as a method to slice the broadband output ASE of the 1310 nm SOA into multiple outputs at th

In this paper, the homotopy-perturbation method (HPM) is employed to obtain approximate analytical solutions of the Klein–Gordon and sine-Gordon equations. An efficient way of choosing the initial approximation is presented. Comparisons with the exact solutions, the solutions obtained by the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and the variational

In this paper, an analytical expression for the solution of the prey-predator problem by Modified homotopy-perturbation method (MHPM) is presented. The MHPM is treated as an algorithm for approximating the solution of the problem in a sequence of time intervals, \ie the classical HPM is converted into a hybrid numeric-analytic method called the mul

The species of the genus Calophyllum (Guttiferae) are mainly distributed in tropical area. Plants from this genus are known as a rich source of secondary metabolite such as xanthones, coumarins, chromenes, flavonoids and triterpenoids. Some of this compounds exhibit significant biological effects antibacterial, antifungal, anti HIV and immunomodula

In this paper, the homotopy-perturbation method (HPM) is employed to obtain approximate analytical solution to the linear systems of partial differential equations (PDEs). HPM yields solutions in convergent series forms with easily computable terms, and in linear cases, yields exact solutions. Comparisons with the exact solutions show the potential

Malaysia gained its independence from Britain in 1957. On the eve of its independence the country was counted among the poor countries; yet it was economically better off than most newly independent countries. Among Asian countries it ranked next only to Japan and South Korea in terms of income per capita. (Emsley 1998) Yet, we find that the specte

This study examines the existence of herd behavior among foreign investors in the Malaysian capital market. In methodology, the study analyzes the herd behavior by estimating vector error correction (VECM) model of FPI inflows as well as FPI outflows from/to major investors such as the United States, United Kingdom, Singapore and Hong Kong using qu

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in IP-reuse for SoCs in order to bridge the gap between the silicon capacity and the design productivity. This research work investigates how our proposed methodology can be used to partition and schedule a JPEG encoder IP core onto an FPGA. We will also describe a novel Constraint Satisfaction Pro

Living within one community is one of the best methods to experience and learn architecture effectively. Heritage Studies (AAR 3301) course is one of the compulsory courses in Bachelor of Science in Architectural Studies program in International Islamic University Malaysia, that enable students to experience the life of one community in order to do

Preservation of health (hifz al-sihhah) is the most important branch of Islamic medicine since it is primarily concerned with the prevention of illness rather than cure. This book represents as of the few attempts to introduce the role of Islamic medicine, although Chapter One provides information about a historical background of the preservation o