The present study attempts to analyze the long-run equilibrium relationship between real exchange rate and trade balance, imports and exports demand by cointegration tests assuming asymmetric adjustment. Following Enders and Siklos (2001), the Engle-Granger two-step cointegration test is expanding to incorporate an asymmetric error correction term.

An optimization based on statistical design method was employed to optimize the media constituents for the cellulase production from sewage sludge through liquid state bioconversion (LSB) by filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei RUT C-30. The statistical analysis of experimental result showed that the optimum media constituent for cellulase product

This study examines the significant impact of exchange rate shock on prices of Malaysian imports and exports. In methodology, the study adopts vector error connection (VECM) model using monthly data on nominal exchange rates, money supply, prices of imports and prices of exports covering the period of M1:1999 to M12:2006. For further analysis, we a

The significant of fermentation parameters for multiple valuable fermentation-products from co-culture fermentation of raw unhydrolyzed cassava starch were determined using Taguchi’s methodology in an orthogonal array of L8 using Design Expert v8.0.1. Seven factors were varied at two levels for each factor. The significant factors for the product

A comparison study on the ethanol production from 20% (w/v) of unhydrolyzed raw cassava starch using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis was performed and compared with the commercialized ragi tapai. The findings showed that S. cerevisiae, C. tropicalis and ragi tapai produced 23, 20 mg/l and 26 g/l of ethanol in 72 h, respectively. Sub

This article is devoted to establish relationship between knots and planar graphs. This relationship enables us to investigate the total number of regions and their relationship with corresponding crossings in a reduced alternating achiral knot. It has been shown that the number of regions in a reduced alternating achiral knot is always even and th

This article is devoted to give a self-contained presentation of classification of atoms of probability space as equivalent or non-equivalent. It will be established that an event, i.e., a member of a σ-field of a probability space can contains uncountable many equivalent atoms. We will show that the relation of being equivalent atoms is an equiva

This paper proposes the application of neural network as a controller to isolate engine vibration in an active engine mounting system. It has been shown that the NARMA-L2 neurocontroller has the ability to reject disturbances from a plant. The disturbance is assumed to be both impulse and sinusoidal disturbances that are induced by the engine. The

In a mining port stockyard, disturbance on incoming trains from the mining plants causes a major problem to the system. This paper presents an analysis of those disturbances in the stockyard system. A simulation study is performed in order to do the analysis. We investigated the effects of the occurrence of the disturbance on the system and propose

Fuzzy conjoint analysis has been employs in many studies which involving the use of Likert-scale to represent linguistic terms. It is believed that the fuzzification of this Likert-scale is more representing the vagueness content on human subjectivity in giving judgment. In this paper, we present our works in developing a web-based survey that prov