The study presents the relationship between principals’ instructional leadership practices and students' academic achievement of secondary schools in Banda Aceh,Indonesia. The Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS) modified by Hallinger and Murphy (1985) and Latip (2006) was used as the data collection instrument through surv

Background: Older persons with diabetes are the major demographic of diabetic patients followed up in primary health clinics. Despite their increasing age and morbidities, They are still being managed strictly towards good sugar control in order to achieve the ideal HbA1c level without taking their quality of life into consideration. This study aim

All living organisms on this planet are dependant on water either as a place of habitat or for drinking. Humans are not excluded from this rule, where the body, depending on size is said to consist of between 55 – 78% water. To maintain proper hydration, the human body needs approximately one to two liters of water per day, which is more or less

Essential hypertension in adolescents is increasing in trend worldwide in view of increasing prevalence of childhood obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Generally, secondary hypertension is suspected if it occurs at pre-pubertal age or presented with resistant hypertension. We reported a case of 12-year-old adolescent male diagnosed with essential hyp

Chest X-ray is valuable in the primary care setting in helping clinicians to confirm the underlying findings of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. This view also includes the lower cervical vertebrae region which is helpful in elaborating the findings surrounding the neck. However, a single view of the film may sometimes cause confusion re

The number of active smokers in Malaysia is increasing despite the availability of stop smoking clinics and smoking cessation medications. Other than smokers’ level of motivation to quit smoking, competency of the healthcare professionals involved in providing smoking cessation intervention using evidencebased guidelines needs to be considered. H

Introduction: Non communicable disease is increasing in trend and becoming one of significant major global problem that involves all strata of population including the aborigines. In fact, the prevalence might be higher in this population due to lack of access for regular screening and different sociodemographic background including tendency to mig

Varicella zoster infection is one of the self-limiting viral infections during childhood and dengue fever is an endemic infection in Malaysia, which commonly occurs in the form of nonspecific febrile illness at the initial stage. It is rare for the two viral infections to occur simultaneously. A case of dengue fever without warning sign in a five-y

Penyakit Kusta, jarang diperkatakan, namun masih terjadi tanpa kita sedari sehingga ke hari ini. Kusta atau leprosy adalah antara penyakit tertua pernah dihidapi dalam sejarah manusia. Ianya disebabkan oleh jangkitan kuman bakteria Mycobacterium leprae yang boleh merosakkan kulit, sistem saraf, pernafasan dan penglihatan. Sekiranya tidak dikesan aw

Vitamin D deficiency in an exclusively breastfed child is increasingly high in prevalence. However it is still not widely reported. Surprisingly, it is still possible for this deficient to occur even in an asymptomatic growing child. Nevertheless, failure to diagnose it earlier, the child can succumb into failure to thrive and developmental delay.