Industrial production of natural food colorants by microbial fermentation has several advantages such as cheaper production, possibly easier extraction, higher yields through strain improvement, no lack of raw materials and no seasonal variations. Development of microbial food grade pigments are likely to cut down the high production cost of natura

Dünya önü alınmaz bir değişimin çalkantısıyla akılları sarsarak deprem tedirginliğinde çaresiz arayışlara düşünen kafaları yönlendirmiş olsa da, aslında yapılması gereken salim bir sükunette aktörlerin alışıla gelmiş senaryosunu okuyabilmekte yatıyor işin sırrı. Bütün bu çalkantıların çıkmazların, korku sen

This study investigates the impact of monetary shocks on bank loans extended by local banks and foreign banks in Malaysia over the period from January 1991 to December 2006. It adopts the impulse response functions and the variance decomposition analysis to study the responses of lending by these banks to monetary policy shocks. The study finds tha

A comprehensive exposition of Islam written for contemporary readership, covering fundamentals of Islam and subjects of contemporary concerns. Topics include concepts of din (religion)and faith (submission), Arkan al-Islam (pillars of Islam), Arkan al-Iman (pillars of iman), social institutions and contemporary issues with Islamic perspective.

The non-Muslims resident of a Muslim state was accorded a special kind of citizenship known dhimmah in the past. Under this designation non-Muslims enjoyed full protections under the law in spite of constant state of hostilities between Dar al-Islam and Dar al-Harb. With the demise of Islamic Caliphate System after the First World War and constitut

A great deal has been written on the issue of applicability of hudud law in Malaysia. But, by and large, the discourse revolves around the feasibility or otherwise of its implementation in the context of the existing legal framework by both local academia and politicians. Little attention has been paid to the question of the type and model of hudud

From the late 1990 to till now the growth rate of Malaysian telecommunication sector is remarkable manner. Under this circumstances new players to these businesses soaring dramatic business competition. Nowadays they are trying to attract customers by offering aggressive marketing strategy for instance: price promotion. As competition is looming am

Islamic law as a sum total of juristic views believed and practices by Muslims, by and large, is locked in interpretations made by legal scholars of the medieval ages. To relate it to contemporary needs of the Ummah, Muslims thinkers have been entangled with the question of its renewal for the past two centuries. In this pursuit, the most thorny qu

Critical thinking is an intellectual process where it plays a dynamic role in the reconstruction of human thoughts. In Islamic legal thought, this intellectual tool was pivotal in building a full-fledged system of jurisprudence during the glorious days of Islamic civilization. With the solidification of the science of Islamic legal theory and the e

Introduction Since early 20th century, some leading scholars have been fervently debating the possibility of making fresh ijtihÉd on a host of newly emerging issues of fiqh al-zakÉt. This is asserted to be so due to radical changes that have taken place in the methods of producing new forms of wealth and the way that the Muslims deal even with th