Piezoelectric tube actuators are widely used in atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) for nanoscale positioning. There has been a consistent effort to increase the scan speed of these actuators using feedback control techniques. A feedback controller requires a measurement of the scanner's deflection, which is often provided by a

This paper presents experimental implementation of a positive position feedback (PPF) control scheme for vibration and cross-coupling compensation of a piezoelectric tube scanner in a commercial atomic force microscope (AFM). The AFM is a device capable of generating images with extremely high resolutions down to the atomic level. It is also being

The atomic force microscope (AFM) is a device capable of generating topographic images of sample surfaces with extremely high resolutions down to the atomic level. It is also being used in applications that involve manipulation of matter at a nanoscale. Early AFMs were operated in open loop. As a result, they were susceptible to piezoelectric creep

Modeling of the dynamic behavior and motion are renewed interest in the improved tractive performance of an intelligent air-cushion tracked vehicle (IACTV). This paper presents a new dynamical model for the forces on the developed small scale intelligent air-cushion tracked vehicle moving over swamp peat. The air cushion system partially supports t

In recent years, an enormous increase of fuel cost and greater demand for fresh water have imposed tremendous challenges for researchers to pursue a drive towards more energy-efficient desalination technology. In the search for a more energy-efficient desalination process, the next generation plants will use a combination of membrane processes with

This research was aimed at examining the process of converting the land administration system prevalent in Penang and Malacca to the Torrens System enforce in the rest of the Peninsular Malaysian states. The introduction of the Torrens system to the states of Penang and Malacca where the English deeds system was the system of land administration, d

It is undeniable that the early Malay land tenure system is a fusion between the Islamic principles and Malay customary law. However, with the advent of the colonial administration and introduction of the English common law into the Malay states legal system, brought about the eradication of the principles of Islamic law. Thus, Islamic law at prese

2009 Issue. (This issue states the law as at 15 May 2009)

Commentators pointed out that one of the major hurdles of implementing LCC analysis in the Malaysian construction industry is lack of current and reliable data. In addition, most of LCC researchers and estimators in the Malaysian construction industry considerably focused on the LCC conversion process but very little emphasis is given on the availa

Commentators pointed out that one of the major hurdles of implementing LCC analysis in the Malaysian construction industry is lack of current and reliable data. In addition, most of LCC researchers and estimators in the Malaysian construction industry considerably focused on the LCC conversion process but very little emphasis is given on the availa