This article revisits the origins of the Islamic reformist movement that arose in the nieneteenth century. Tunisia was chosen because the spirit of reform manifested itself in the form of intellectual activity and socio-political action. The article highlights the features of the Tunisian experience before the French occupation in 1881, reveals the

Providing space diversity at mobile devices such as handsets, personal digital assistants (PDA), etc is costly and problematic, due to their strict space limitation. Recent studies, however, have revealed that extraordinary diversity gain, which results in the remarkable benefits of an increased achievable transmission code-rate and a reduced infor

In this paper we consider a system of two two-level atoms interacting with a single-mode quantized electromagnetic field in a lossless resonant cavity via l-photon-transition mechanism. The field and the atoms are initially prepared in the coherent state and the excited atomic states, respectively. For this system we investigate the entropy squeezi

Based on disaggregated data, this study empirically examines the importance of foreign portfolio investment (FPI) on the Malaysian economic performance. The study adopts the vector error correction model to analyze the relationships between FPI inflows from major investing countries, namely the United States, United Kingdom, Singapore and Hong Kong

Introduction: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism, especially the deletion/deletion (DD) genotype, is associated with the disease progression of immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy patients in various studies from both Asia Pacific and European populations. However, recent studies within the same populations were unable to reproduc

Signal attenuation caused by duststorm is one of the major problems in utilization of microwave bands for terrestrial and space communication especially at desert and semi desert area. This paper presented a mathematical model developed to predict the microwave signal attenuation due to duststorm. The proposed model enables the convenient calculati

The Lack of observation on microwave signal propagation during duststorm in Sahara region and Middle East stimulated the present work. Investigation on the characteristics of duststorm and its effect on microwave signal propagation have been presented. A physical models of duststorm from measured data proposed. This paper has presented a study on m

This study explores the terminology of al-taṣwīr (‘imagery’), al-tamthīl (‘representations’) and al-takhyīl (‘imagination’) in al-Zamakhsharī’s al-Kashshāf. It first explores the meanings of the terms themselves, and then moves on to discuss their roles in elucidating the underlying signification of the Qur'anic text. Al-Za

Kegemilangan yang akan diperhatikan dalam nota ini, insya'Allah, ialah kegemilangan yang tersebut dalam sumber naqliah al-Qur'an dan sunnah dan juga manifestasinya dalam sejarah. Ini boleh dilihat dalam hubungan dengan kegemilangan hakiki dalam "umat yang terbaik" di Kota Madinah, di bawah pimpinannya Rasulullah SAW, kemudian manife

In spite of previous common assumptions about the incompatibility of public key cryptography (PKC) schemes with wireless sensor networks (WSNs), recent works have shown that they can be utilized for such networks in some manner. The major challenge of employing a PKC-based scheme in a wireless sensor network is posed by the resource limitations of