Consensus protocols stand behind the success of blockchain technology. This is because parties that distrust each other can make secure transactions without the oversight of a central authority. The first consensus protocol emerged with Bitcoin. Since then, many others have appeared. Some of them have been implemented by official blockchain platfor

This paper introduces a blockchain-based P2P energy trading platform, where prosumers can trade energy autonomously with no central authority interference. Multiple prosumers can collaborate in producing energy to form a single provider. Clients’ power consumption is monitored using a smart meter that interfaces with an IoT node connected to a bl

To combat the problem of illegal access to a service, several location proof strategies have been proposed in the literature. In blockchain-based decentralized applications, transactions can be issued by IoT nodes or other automated smart devices. Key pair encryption and private key signing have been defined mainly for human identification in block

This article examines Shaltūt's wasaṭiyyah approach to reform Al-Azhar from his early working days until he was appointed as the Shaykh al-Azhar. In understanding the context of Shaltūt's reform, this study begins by highlighting Shaltūt's predecessors, particularly al-Marāghī and al-Ẓawāhirī's achievements towards reform

This study explores the management accounting practices (MAPs) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Yemen that has been in war crisis since 2015. The crisis situations are operationalized as uncertainties of politics, economy, social and technology (PEST) factors while MAPs are operationalized using the contemporary and traditional dimen

Advocacy among community members enhances compliance behaviour. The influence of ta’awun (mutual cooperation) among community members reinforces compliance behaviour. Zakat institutions have been persistent in advocating zakat compliance behaviour. It is believed that peer advocacy with ta’awun (mutual cooperation) is more influential in increa

Malaysia is rich in heritage, primarily archaeological sites, historical buildings, monuments, artifacts, tangible, and intangible traditional and cultural heritage elements. Archaeotourism is one of the heritage tourism activities which is growing rapidly and attracts many visitors to the Malaysian tourism industry nowadays. In alluring visitors t

Introduction: Choosing the right food product suitable for consumers are important to control the intake of additional and altered ingredients to avoid the risk of Non- Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Food labels guide consumers in deciding on healthy food products byproviding accurate information regarding specific product characteristics including

Aluminium alloys are widely used in manufacturing industry due to the need of lightweight components and low production cost. However, mechanical assembly of the alloy which requires drilling operations is challenging due to chip accumulation and heat at the cutting tool and workpiece interface. This often causes material adhesion on cutting edges,

Introduction Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an independent risk factor that contributes to morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Plasma Creatinine is the current marker used to diagnose AKI; however, it is delayed biomarker. Newer marker has been shown to have a faster diagnostic utility. Plasma Cystatin (CysC) is a new functional marke