A great number ofspeech coding has been developed in recent years and many others are in their advanced level of development. Most of these encoding algorithms use hybrid methodology of wavefonn coding and voice coding commonly knov.m as (vocoding). The speech quality ofthese coders is comparable with Pulse Code Modulation (PCM); a popular encoding

Speech activity and non-activity is a scenario in which each activity (talkspurt) and non-activity (silence) may vary in size. Some talkspurts may be many frames and others may be only a few frames long, considering each frame of speech of 20-30ms. In this chapter a dynamic talker activity analysis is provided through statistical measures to descri

The Digital Speech interpolation (DSI) advantage is signal processing technique, using this technique one can maximise the systems efficiency, such as a telephonic system capability to accommodate more users due to the non-active parts within speech signal. By utilising non activity parts along with Lost Frame Reconstruction (LFR), higher DSI advan

Magnetic field detection has been widely accepted in many applications such as military systems, outer space exploration and even in medical diagnosis and treatment. Low magnetic field detection is particularly important in tracking of magnetic markers in digestive tracks or blood vessels. The presence of magnetic fields’ strength and direction c

This paper addresses the characteristics, technology, and possible future of fingerprints authentication method. Fingerprint physiology makes it an ideal for biometrics authentication, primarily the tiny details located on its surface called minutiae. Fingerprint scanning systems are designed to detect minutiae. Images of detected minutiae are proc

Pembangunan institusi wakaf memainkan peranan yang signifikan dalam menyumbang kepada kemakmuran dan kemajuan sosioekonomi ummah. Objektif utama pembangunan harta wakaf adalah untuk menjamin kelestarian agihan manfaat kepada benefisiari bagi merealisasikan hasrat pewakaf demi memperoleh ganjaran pahala yang berterusan daripada Allah SWT. Masalah ke

The understanding of biogas explosion characteristics is needed to describe the severity of the explosion. Biogas is a flammable gas and will explode when ignited. This study reports the experimental results on biogas explosion characteristics in a standard 20-L spherical vessel under quiescent conditions using electric spark (10 J) as an ignition

E. coli DH5α harbouring pET28a+ plasmid vector was lysed by alkaline lysis and the clarified plasmid solutions were subjected to ultrafiltration experiments using two types of ultrafiltration membrane; i.e., cellulose generated (Ultracel) and polyethersulfome PES (Biomax). Transmembrane pressures (TMP) through vacuum suction of 0.1 to 0.7 bar were

Lubricants are harmful to human health and environment. However, it is the only effective method to reduce friction and to prevent tool wear, leading to high quality surface. The present work dealt with development and testing of environmental-friendly tribology systems in manufacturing processes – metal forming and machining. The present study i

Introduction: The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has become prevalent in many countries including Malaysia. Use of e-cigarettes has generated a lot of debates on its health effects and is a major public health concern. This study aimed to examine the use of e-cigarettes among Malaysian male adults aged 18 years and above in 2011 and 20