The main challenges for biodiesel production are the cost of raw material (fats and oils) and the cost of processing. In this study free fatty acid (FFAs) of sludge palm oil has been converted to fatty acid methyl ester via acid-catalyzed reaction using ultrasonic energy. Batch esterification process of SPO was carried out to study the influence of

Cervical vertebral osteomyelitis is rare. While an early and correct diagnosis is critical to prevent catastrophic neurological injury, the diagnosis of cervical vertebral osteomyelitis is often difficult because of its rarity and variable symptoms. We present a case of C1 and C2 vertebrae osteomyelitis with a misleading presentation and its fatal

Introduction: Asymmetric breast tissue is a relatively common mammographic finding and is usually benign. It might be due to a normal variation, postoperative changes or hormone replacement therapy. However, an asymmetric area may indicate a developing mass or an underlying cancer. Method: We collected random cases of asymmetric breast densities on

Introduction: Interpretation of mammogram is a challenging task and the performance level of readers is known to vary widely between general radiologist and breast imaging experts. R2-CAD is a software-based system to identify regions of the mammogram with suspicious features and to draw the reader’s attention to these areas and decide whether th

Aborigines have been living off the forests for ages. They must have also experienced sicknesses. The resources they have are just the forest. • The forests must also be the resources of ‘medicines’ – primarily plants. Even though the effectiveness is limited, may be due to administration rather than plants efficacy, their practices have be

The main objective of this study was to assess the welfare of divorced women in relation to financial supports after divorce, i.e. iddah maintenance, mut'ah, arrears of maintenance, and child maintenance. The specific objectives were to determine the divorced women satisfaction with the amount of financial supports, the ex-husbands' complia

Islamic family law plays a significant role in minimizing the unpleasant effects of the family break up faced by the divorced women and their children by protecting their rights to financial support after divorce. This study undertakes to discuss the historical development of the financial rights after divorce applicable among the Muslims in the pr

The Qur’an, which is the founding Scripture of Islam, acknowledges the existence of various religious scriptures and holy texts (Îuhuf and kutub), faiths and beliefs (iman and aqa’id), rituals and social laws (ibadat and shara’i), way of life and cults (mansakan wa manhajan) and historical events and narratives (al-anba’ wa al-qasas). Euro

The main purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of selected primary school headmasters regarding the implementation of English Teaching for Mathematics and Science (ETeMS). The study was conducted on seventy nine selected primary schools in Malaysia. The study employed the quantitative method used a set of questionnaire and in-depth su

The main purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of selected primary school headmasters regarding the implementation of English Teaching for Mathematics and Science (ETeMS). The study was conducted on seventy nine selected primary schools in Malaysia. The study employed the quantitative method used a set of questionnaire and in-depth su