Image-guided surgery (IGS) is an advance medical navigation technology that enhances surgical operations and outcomes. The infrared markers have been used in the past years as references to visualize patient's body part, whether the markers are active or passive. This paper presents a new reference tool of tracking, and it develops a new algori

Dust storms are meteorological phenomena which occur for a percentage of time in arid and semi arid areas especially at African Sahara and Middle East. Measurements at existing microwave links have showed dust storms can potentially result in serious attenuation in signal level especially at Ku band and higher frequencies with direct impact on tele

In this article optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) was chosen as multiplexing technique because it’s considered as the next-generation optical access network. A multi premises downstream optical network was implemented using direct detection method based on OCDMA technique. The users encoded by modified prime code at C band with channe

Mathematical models are now widely used in almost all scientific and engineering disciplines, including various important environmental applications, often describing dynamical systems. Focus on specific aspects typically reduces a complex system into a simpler one described by stochastic or deterministic variables, in a trade-off between simplicit

An effort to assess the utility of 650 bp Cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (DNA barcode) gene in delineating the members horseshoe crabs (Family: xiphosura) with closely related sister taxa was made. A total of 33 sequences were extracted from National Center for Biotechnological Information (NCBI) which include horseshoe crabs, beetles, common crabs

Quite a number of new technologies and concepts have emerged lately and they are yet to be fully absorbed by the growing market. The concepts range from the architectural evolutions in telecommunications and access networks known as Next Generation Networks (NGNs) to other technologies such as: Pervasive/Ubiquitous Computing, Future Internet, Inter

In today’s world, Web applications play a very important role in individual life as well as in any country’s development. Web applications have gone through a very rapid growth in the recent years and their adoption is moving faster than that was expected few years ago. Now-a-days, billions of transactions are done online with the aid of differ

For years, people have been harvesting energy from solar panels, wind turbines, hydroelectric generators and many more. These macro scale energy harvesting technologies have successfully grown in meeting the world’s energy demand. However, to operate low powered electronic devices; especially when being placed in a remote area; micro scale energy

Kidney biopsy is indicated to confirm the clinical diagnosis or to evaluate prognosis of a renal problem. It is a reliable and safe procedure, especially with real-time ultrasound guidance. This is a single-center, retrospective review of the biopsies performed in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Pahang from 2000 to 2010. The demographic data, clinica

Kamus Kontekstual Lengkap al- Khalil edisi semakan kemaskini ini adalah hasil satu semakan, penelitian dan pembaharuan menyeluruh kepada satu usaha penyelidikan kamus Kontekstual Lengkap al- Khalil edisi: Arab - Melayu (KKLK) yang telah memakan masa bertahun-tahun di mana usaha itu berjaya menghimpunkan lebih kurang 100,000 entri dan sub entri term