Two thermoelements are formed as walls of a micronozzle to perform heating-cooling on a gas flowing between them. The model of heat transfer by conduction opposites to Peltier effect is built, including Joule heating, Seebeck effect and heat dissipation to the flowing gas. A general energy equation of one-dimensional heat flow in a TE subjected to

A wideband and flat gain erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) is demonstrated using a hybrid gain medium of a zirconiabased erbium-doped fibre (Zr-EDF) and a high concentration erbium-doped fibre (EDF). The amplifier has two stages comprising a 2-m-long ZEDF and 9-m-long EDF optimised for C- and L-band operations, respectively, in a double-pass para

The Economic Crisis of 1997-1998 that invaded the Asian region prompted the Malaysian Government to realize that the dependence on the labor-intensive and capital–intensive modes of production was insufficient to sustain the future economic growth. The future competitiveness of the Malaysian economy depends heavily on the knowledge-based characte

An experimental study of selected pineapple (Ananas sativus), banana (Musa acuminata) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) was investigated on the basis of their biochemical and nutritional properties by the treatment of some doses of ethephone. It was found that the chemically treated samples ripened rapidly than untreated ones. The nutritional pr

An experimental study of selected pineapple (Ananas sativus), banana (Musa acuminata) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) was investigated on the basis of their biochemical and nutritional properties by the treatment of some doses of ethephone. It was found that the chemically treated samples ripened rapidly than untreated ones. The nutritional pr

Classifying emotions based on the affective states of valence and arousal captured from brain discharge remains a challenge. The selection of the most efficient and reliable method of feature extraction forms a very important problem of EEG signal classification. Different methods applied are usually based upon the time-domain or frequency-domain a

Human resource planning has traditionally been used by organizations to ensure that the right person is in the right job at the right time. The increasing of environmental instability, demographic shifts, changes in technology, and heightened international competition are changing the need for and the nature of human resource planning in leading or

Automata act as the recognition devices to determine the types of languages a string belongs to, by using the transition graph. In the previous researches, the classical models of automata have been used to recognize the strings in languages. Recently, the relation of automata and Cayley table of the group have been studied to relate automata theor

Microfinance1 program is becoming more significant as the main contributor in creating new job opportunities and generating income for increasing social well-being and economic status of the poor and eradicating poverty. Basically, the microfinance program in Malaysia has been administered by various institutions and non-banking government agencies

The proliferation of enterprise wireless network raises the security concern in any organization despite the unarguable benefits it brings about. At the same time, the initiative to migrate from IPv4 (Internet Protocol version four) to IPv6 (Internet Protocol version six) is gaining momentum across the globe to resolve the IP address depletion prob