In this paper, we describe a new scanning technique for fast atomic force microscopy. In this method, the sample is scanned in a spiral pattern instead of the well established raster pattern. AÂ spiral scan can be produced by applying single frequency cosine and sine signals with slowly varying amplitudes to the x -axis and y -axis of an atomic fo

Air-cooling characteristics of an electronic-device heat sink have been experimentally and numerically investigated under various operating conditions for air. Flowing air velocities of 0–7:1 m=s were circulated through a wind tunnel with a rectangular section. The lower surface of the wind tunnel was equipped with 5 by 3 heat sources subjected t

khiyar at-tadlis basically promotes the concept of justice and fairness, it also provided a practical solution for both parties that involve in any contractual agreement namely the right to revoke or continue with the contract, basically it is called as ‘haqq al-khiyar’. Therefore, this paper attempts to discuss in detail the right of al-khiyar

The Arab Spring has reshaped the Islamist landscape in the Middle East drastically. After decades of repression and exclusion, Islamist parties have taken power in Egypt, Tunis, and Morocco. However, the startling rise of Salafism (Salafiyya) remains the most visible feature of the new Islamist scene in the region. After decades of eschewing politi

A novel decellularization method using sonication treatment is described. Sonication treatment is the combination of physical and chemical agents. These methods will disrupt cell membrane and release cell contents to external environments. The cell removal was facilitated by subsequent rinsing of sodium dodecyl sulfate detergents. Sonication treatm

LCC process can be divided into three main categories, i.e. data inputs, conversion and outputs. However, critics have been made on the inadequacies of current methodology used in LCC practice, and the inaccuracies and poor quality of LCC outputs as very little emphasis has been given on the availability, accessibility, currency and reliability of

In this article, a novel wideband wavelength conversion is demonstrated using a highly nonlinear fiber consisting of a fluorinedoped fiber that has a high delta core and surrounded by a deeply depressed ring as opposed to the use of photonic crystal fibers. The wavelength conversion range is from 1460 to 1640 nm, which covers the S-, C- and L-bands

The brain’s hippocampus which controls memory and learning is the first structure affected by neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The number of viable hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells (HCA1PC) is significantly decreased in AD and in rats with 2 vessel occlusion (2VO), an established animal model for AD. The variability in three dimens

The increasing use of microprocessors and microcontrollers in measurement and data acquisition systems has necessitated the need for obtaining sensor response in a digital format, thus avoiding the need for an analog-to-digital conversion stage. Further, in quite of a number of automation applications, there is the need of wireless transmission of

Video surveillance can be a very powerful tool in the fight against crime, by accurately monitoring human activities. Nevertheless, most surveillance systems today provide only a passive form of site monitoring. Extensive video records may be kept to help find the instigator of criminal activities after the crime has been committed but preventive m