Unitl recently, the use of plant pigments as natural food colourantis expensive and uncompetitive to synthetic dyes due to their high production costs. Such disadvantages could be overcome with the development of microbial food grade pigments which are likely to cut down the high production cost, thus leading to a cheaper source of natural food col

In this paper the speech emotion verification using two most popular methods in speech processing and analysis based on the Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) and the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) were proposed and analyzed. In both cases, features for the speech emotion were extracted using the Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and Short T

This paper discusses the importance and the instrumental role of witnesses in the States' of Malaysia Islamic administration of justice, particularly the Syariah Courts in Malaysia. Can a witness who refuses to attend a court hearing to give evidence after being duly summon may be compelled by a warrant of arrest to do so? Accordingly, this pap

The first impression and the main thesis of this chapter is that the Qur’an does not teach us the art of slavery; it only teaches us the art of good governance: It is a different matter though that the Muslims are busy in reversing this process. The overriding objective of Islam is to establish a just socio-moral and economic-political order in t

Motorization trend has been rising rapidly in many countries including Malaysia. But the level and trend of motorization in each country varies according to major factors such as population, size of the country, economic growth, income level, fuel cost, and public policy on vehicle ownership. The level of motorization has both positive and negative

Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme that catalyses the metabolism of hypoxanthine and xanthine into uric acid. It is responsible for the medical condition known as gout, which is caused by the deposition of uric acid in the joints leading to painful inflammation. Inhibition of XO leads to remission in gout. Carica papaya is a member of the small fam

The capability of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to adsorb lead (Pb) in aqueous solution was investigated. Batch mode adsorption experiment was conducted to determine the effects of pH, agitation speed, CNTs dosage and contact time. The removal of Pb(II) reached maximum value 85% or 83% at pH 5 or 40 mg/L of CNTs, respectively. Higher correlation coeffici

Provision of water, food, energy, and shelter throughout the world were integrated with bio-systems and was a sustainable approach for the management of organic wastes as well as in the past. Increased urbanization an dependence on mechanical technologies coupled with lifestyle changes and market driven economic centralism is consuming resources in

In this article we have established a bijection from a unit solid circular cone onto a family of subintervals of a unit interval with some notions. Consequently, the unit interval has been embedded into unit solid circular cone. Further, imposing a Hausdorff metric on family of subintervals of unit interval, we were able to convert the same bijecti

In this paper we have established that a uniform topology induced by a uniform structure on a set is also a topology on the set. Further investigations were carried out to establish the uniform structure which has basically induced a usually topology on the real line R1.