The conversion of starch to sugar can be achieved by hydrolysis process. The two-step enzymatic hydrolysis of sweet sorghum was performed by commercially available α-amylase and glucoamylase. An optimisation study was carried out to optimise the factors of the hydrolysis process, namely, amount of substrate, liquefaction and saccharification tempe

Interest in engineering ethics education has developed significant momentum in most of advanced countries unlike Arab countries, which have not yet paid enough attention to such critical issue. As engineering work becomes more complex and diverse an understanding of engineering ethics becomes as important to the proper education of engineers as the

This paper presents new open source computer based simulator for the implementation of single stage Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) such as single pass (SP), double pass (DP) and triple pass (TP) EDFA. In this software it is possible to manipulate the design parameters such as pump power, pump wavelength, signal power, signal wavelength, fiber

In this paper, a novel theoretical model of an Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) configured in Quadruple Pass Dual Stage (QPDS) amplification which is incorporated with Tunable band pass filters (TBFs) is proposed. Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) is filtered-out in mid-section to ensure efficient amplification of the signal as it propagates

Many configurations of EDFA producing triple pass EDFAs have been used, however, only two configurations are commonly used in the optical fiber communication system due to their high performance. Those two configurations are configured in a double stage EDFA. The first configuration is (configuration A) consists of a single-pass EDFA as the first s

Investigation was carried out on the nutritionally essential mineral elements contents of seed (CPS), endocarp (CPF) and epicarp (CPP) of papaya extracts. Both aqueous (h2o) and PBS extracts were analyzed to determine the contents of 8 minerals namely Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ag and Se using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) following microw

Education is an important instrument of change; though the process is usually very slow - very different from revolution - and its broad impact cannot easily and clearly observed. Good and balanced education will expectedly have a good impact on society, economy and politics; while, bad policy and culture of education will accordingly have the oppo

Chronic work-related stress can fray nerves, keep you up at night and contribute to significant and independent risk problems such as heart disease and depression. Particularly, chronic job strain can put both your physical and emotional health at risk. Muscle relaxation is a useful evidence based teaching and treatment approach for physical/remedi

Organizations that manage the solid waste at certain designated areas sometimes neglect the environmental elements when they carry out their collection of solid waste activities. For instance, the leachate that sips out from the garbage collected either of residential or commercial area. Therefore, implementation of ISO 14001 standards in solid was

The objective of the study was to determine the major characteristics of high potential (HIPO) employees. Three hundred and twenty nine employees participated in the study. HIPO was mainly described by three major characteristics – high performance, learning agility and leadership spirit. The data were collected using survey forms and the items w