The Seljuqs, who arose in the 11thcentury CE in Central Asia, created one of the largest Muslim Empires in the Middle East, unifying the Muslim lands of the Abbasid east and giving a new impetus to the course of Muslim history. They were the most prominent Turkic Muslim dynasty prior to the Ottomans, with dominion throughout central Asia, Iran, Ira

This paper utilizes cointegration and error correction mechanism to test the causal relationship between the development of non-bank financial intermediaries (NBFIs) and per capita economic growth in Malaysia over the period 1974-2004. The study employs ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration to determine the existence of a cointegrating rela

An improved approach of predicting rain attenuation cumulative distribution (CD) over terrestrial microwave links operating in tropical regions is presented in this article. The proposed method offers a better extrapolation approach for determining the values of rain attenuation at different exceedance probability from the measured attenuation at 0

This paper presents the design with optimum geometry of a novel UWB rectangular patch antenna. A simple narrowband patch antenna is designed before proceeding to the geometry of UWB antenna. A special configuration of patch antenna with slotted partial ground and addition of stairs and stubs was designed and optimized using CST Microwave Studio (CS

One of the most important factors for cost-effective SB-VAWT product is the selection of an appropriate airfoil to achieve desired aerodynamic performance and to optimise the overall dimensions of the SB-VAWT. Design changes related to airfoil also have the potential for increasing the cost effectiveness of SB-VAWTs. This research aims to perform a

This research aims to develop a novel domain decomposition finite-difference time domain technique (FDTD) for solving large electromagnetic radiation and scattering problems. Modifications have been made to the conventional FDTD technique so that serial subdomains can be simulated. The computational domain is divided into manageable, moderate-size

ITU proposes that the fraction of time during which a pre-selected threshold is exceeded in the worst-month within a year is referred to as “the annual worst-month time fraction of excess”. This relates directly to situation where accumulation of outages at a specific threshold in one specific month has the worse effect on the transmission link

‘Urban biodiversity and wildlife management’ has been accepted as being an important urban ecological component in an urban environment. The improvement of urban plans and landscape fabric can potentially advance the urban ecological environment. Thus, many local authorities aim to outline green strategies in their local plans to improve the ci

Remote sensing technology is useful for urban planning due to its capability in examining detailed spectral characteristic of urban land uses. This study attempts to review a relevant studied have been done in identified an appropriate spectral for urban land use using high resolution remote sensing images and GIS approach. The detailed spectral fo

Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA) was used to reduce the high free fatty acids (FFA) content in sludge palm oil (SPO). The FFA content of SPO was converted to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) via esterification reaction. The treated sludge palm oil was used as a raw material for biodiesel production by transesterification process. Several working