Fish oil is a common source of fat in fish feed production. However, there is a tendency to substitute fish oil with other fats such as lard to reduce production costs. Thus, an efficient method for lard detection is highly needed for fish feed's authenticity. In this study, sn-2 fatty acids (sn-2 FAs) and fatty acid (FA) compositions were inco

Each Quranic alphabet has its unique sounds produced by uttering the Arabic language at their point of articulation (Makharij) and their characteristics (Sifaat), which is called Tajweed. Much research has been done related to the Tajweed, but there are limited sources associated with the analysis of Quranic pronunciation of non-Arab speakers from

An investigation into the effect of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) location in an O-band Brillouin SOA fiber laser (BSFL) was performed. Better output peak power flatness was generated by placing the SOA after the nonlinear medium, which is a 20 km true wave fiber (TWF) than placing it before the TWF. A maximum power of six flat output peaks

A dual-wavelength ytterbium doped fiber laser with a narrowest spacing of 0.53 nm and widest spacing of 12.2 nm at 1064 nm is presented in this paper. An arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) together with an optical channel selector (OCS) have also been incorporated in the proposed setup that works as a switchable mechanism giving 23 different wavelengt

An efficient system for generating the four-wave mixing (FWM) effect in a short length of a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) is demonstrated using a ring configuration, which to our knowledge is the first of its kind to be reported. The conversion efficiency obtained is –4 dB for a HNLF length of 100 m when pumped with a 90 mW diode pump laser at 14

In this paper we propose and demonstrate an S-band Brillouin–Raman Fiber Laser (BRFL). The S-band BRFL utilizes a Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF) as the non-linear gain medium in a linear cavity configuration and amplified by two 1425 nm, 380 mW pumped Raman Fiber Amplifiers (RFAs). A Brillouin Pump (BP) signal of 1515 nm at 12 dBm in power i

A first time O band Brillouin fiber laser is demonstrated and compared with the C band Brillouin fiber laser. By utilizing a 20 km True wave fiber (TWF), the experiment demonstrated four Brillouin lines gen erated from the simple setup of Brillouin fiber laser. We compared the threshold between the Brillouin pump wavelength at 1310 nm which represe

In this paper we propose and demonstrate a double-pass configuration of a compact high gain short wavelength (S-) band amplifier based on a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) operating from 1480 to 1520 nm. The proposed system provides gain value of 31.07 dB at a signal power level of -40 dBm taken at 1500 nm. The measure gain profile of the dou

When a water droplet impacts on a heated surface in the film boiling regime, it will spread, recede, and finally bounce off from the heated surface. These unique liquid-solid interactions only occur at high surface temperatures. Our main objective in this research is to measure the maximum spreading and residence time of the droplet and the finding

Despite numerous studies on belief systems, there are scarce sources that combine the distinct belief systems around the world. Human beings consist of myriad races, cultures, and lifestyles so it is necessary to know the beliefs that people hold on to for mutual understanding which eventually may lead to tolerance. Tolerance is one of the core con