Ad hoc network is a group of wireless mobile computers (or nodes), in which individual nodes cooperate by forwarding packets for each other to allow nodes to commu- nicate beyond direct wireless transmission range. Previous research in ad hoc networking has generally studied the routing problem in a non-adversarial setting by assuming a trusted env

Dynamic modeling and identification of an internal combustion engine (ICE) model is presented in this paper. Initially, an analytical model of an internal combustion engine simulated within SIMULINK environment is excited by pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) input. This random signals input is chosen to excite the dynamic behavior of the system o

Despite the efforts expended by the governments of Malaysia and Saudi Arabia to promote science teachers’ use of ICT in the classroom, the ICT uptake among these teachers remains slow and dismal. This article reports on a study undertaken to explore and understand the barriers that prevented science teachers in both countries from using ICT in th

In this paper we introduce a new variant of splicing systems, called weighted splicing systems, and establish some basic properties of language families generated by this type of splicing systems. We show that a simple extension of splicing systems with weights can increase the computational power of splicing systems with finite components.Weighted

Free Space Optics (FSO) communication is a technology widely used today. It involves transmission of data from a transmitter to a receiver. In order to achieve successful data transmission, a continuous alignment between the transmitter and receiver telescope is needed. Misalignment could happen due to many factors. Vibration at the transmitter or

The palmaris longus (PL) is one of the most variable muscles of the human body. The individuals may have unilateral or bilateral absence of PL, varies with ethnicity, gender and side of the body. An understanding of its variations is useful as it is often used as tendon graft for reconstructive surgery because of its little functional use and short

The inguinal region is one of the most complex anatomic areas of human body even though it has been the subject of great interest to anatomists and surgeons because of its clinical importance. The aims of the study are to: 1. provide a simplification and in-depth understanding of the complex and confusing inguinal canal anatomy. 2. incorporate time

Anatomy, as a part of the medical school curriculum, has always been recognized as an essential foundation for the clinical sciences. It forms a basis for the study of the normal structure for the subsequent study of surgery, medicine, pathology and the other clinical disciplines. In recent decades, despite the decrease in the number of hours stude

This paper report on the development of thermoplastic elastomer composite reinforced with 20 vol.% kenaf fibre. Two types of impact modifier were blended with polypropylene (PP) namely; thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) and polypropylene/ethylene–propylene–diene–monomer (PP/EPDM). Both composites were produced via double melt blending metho

Biocomposite made of polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with natural kenaf bast fibre (KF) using twin screw extruder and injection molding machine has been developed. The effect of kenaf fibre content on crystallization and melting behavior has been studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The amourphous state of PLA was remain un